The probability of reduction of the differentiation coefficient to below 0 or 2 by genetic alterations alone, given a frequency of 1 alteration/generation.

The generation specific value for a cell is calculated according to the equation 11 and the generation number is derived from equation 5. The accumulated probability for mutations to reduce the generation specific value to 0 or 2 is calculated according to equation 7. Since are independent by assumption, the random variable is also normally distributed, with . This table shows the probability , where or .