Bacterial taxa that distinguish airway microbial communities of smokers from nonsmokers.

Bacterial families are grouped by phlya and listed in alphabetical order in the oropharynx (A) and nasopharynx (B). Abundances and fold change of bacterial taxa were determined from pooled samples for the right and left oro- and nasopharynx. Family abundances were compared for each airway site from nonsmokers and smokers using univariate tests of association, either the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test or the Fisher's t test (for rare genera that can not be detected in at least half the samples from one location). Fold difference ratios >1 indicate a greater taxa abundance in smokers compared with nonsmokers (enriched for in smokers), fold difference ratios <1 indicate a decreased taxa abundance in smokers compared to nonsmokers (enriched for in nonsmokers). Only those families with P-values<0.05 are shown.