Global transcriptome analysis of early and terminal erythropoiesis in newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma patients associated anemia

In NDMM anemia patients, erythroid progenitors show downregulation of growth factor response pathways (e.g., SPHK1), while terminal erythroblasts have upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and p53-related genes, with increased cellular ROS levels. Mechanistically, genes like COX6C, UQCRB, UQCRH, PMAIP1, and MYCT1 are up-regulated in terminal erythroblasts. RNA was extracted from sorted BM erythroid progenitors and terminal erythroblasts, followed by Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencing. After quality control, reads were aligned to hg38 using kallisto, with differential expression analysis performed by DESeq2. PCA and GO enrichment analyses were conducted.