Metadata and source data for research entitled "Global hydrological drought has not intensified despite drying atmosphere"

Source data for main-text Figures 1–4 Tabular data underlying the four main-text figures on global meteorological (SPEI) and hydrological (SSI) drought. Each figure is provided as one Excel workbook (.xlsx); worksheets are named by panel (e.g. Fig1A_SPEI_spatial). A separate readme lists all columns and units. Files in this deposit File Panels Worksheets Data_S1_Fig1.xlsx Fig. 1 (A–D) 4 Data_S1_Fig2.xlsx Fig. 2 (A–F) 6 Data_S1_Fig3.xlsx Fig. 3 (A–F) 6 Data_S1_Fig4.xlsx Fig. 4 (A–I) 9 Figure 1 — Historical SPEI and SSI (1981–2019) Sample: 18,907 catchments (one row per catchment in spatial sheets). Indices: 6-month SPEI (four products: CHIRPS-GLEAM, CHIRPS-HPET, MSWEP-GLEAM, MSWEP-HPET) and 6-month SSI. Content: A–B: Catchment-scale Slope (linear trend) and Pvalue (two-sided Mann–Kendall test) for SPEI and SSI. C–D: Global monthly time series: cross-catchment Mean, P25, P75 (June 1981–December 2019). Figure 2 — Drought frequency and magnitude (1981–2019) Drought month: index < −1. Frequency: drought months per year (months). Magnitude: sum of index values over drought months only (z-scores). Content: A–D: Spatial Slope and MK Pvalue for SPEI and SSI frequency and magnitude. E–F: Global annual time series (Mean, P25, P75) for four SPEI products and SSI. Figure 3 — Coupling of SPEI and SSI trends (1981–2019) Ratio: R = SSI trend / SPEI trend (index, frequency, or magnitude). Panels: Split by sign of SPEI trend (negative vs positive). Fields: Catchment ID, coordinates, R, SPEI/SSI trends and MK Pvalue Figure 4 — Future drought under SSP3-7.0 (2020–2100) Scenario: SSP3-7.0 only (other SSPs in supplementary material). Domain: 0.5° land grid; hyper-arid (AI ≤ 0.1) and perennially frozen (T ≤ −10 °C) cells excluded. Ensemble: Five CMIP6 GCMs × four hydrological/ET variants. Content: A–B, D–E, G–H: Median ensemble Slope; Pvalue = member-consensus significance (0 if >80% of members have MK p < 0.01, else 1). C, F, I: Ensemble time series (Mean, P25, P75) for SPEI and SSI (index, frequency, magnitude). Common variables (all figures where applicable) Variable Meaning Typical unit Slope Linear trend over the stated period z-score yr⁻¹ (index, magnitude); months yr⁻¹ (frequency) Pvalue Two-sided Mann–Kendall trend test — (dimensionless) Lon, Lat Location (WGS84) degrees Mean / P25 / P75 Mean and percentiles across catchments or members see readme Missing values are encoded as NaN. Full column definitions and worksheet names are in the accompanying readme file.