Effects of maintenance in relation to the exposure and location of the assemblages on the breakwaters.

The analysis is a PERMANOVA (17 variables, 4th-root transformed data) comparing assemblages between maintained ( = M) and non-maintained, control ( = C) breakwaters (Treatment, fixed factor), among dates of sampling (May and August 2002, January and May 2003, random factor; in May 2003, two control breakwaters were missing), between landward and seaward sides (Exposure, fixed factor) and among Breakwaters (4 levels, random factor nested in Treatment). a Term has one or more empty cells. *  =  P<0.05; **  =  P<0.01, *** = P<0.001.