Supplementary Material for: Exploration of extracellular vesicle long non-coding RNAs in serum of patients with cervical cancer

Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer type and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Its underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in cancer development and progression by delivering regulatory factors, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Here, we identified the EV lncRNA expression profiles associated with different developmental stages of CC using next-generation sequencing. EVs from the serum of patients with stages I–III CC and healthy donors were characterized using EV marker immunoblotting and transmission electron microscopy. The EV concentration increases with progression of the disease. Most particles had a 100–250 nm diameter, and their sizes were similar in all groups. We identified many lncRNAs that were uniquely and differentially expressed (DE) in patients with different stages of CC. The pathway analysis results indicated that the upregulated DE EV lncRNAs abundant in stages I and II were associated with cell proliferation and inflammatory and cancer progression pathways, respectively. LINC00941, LINC01910, LINC02454, and DSG2-AS1 were highly expressed, suggesting poor overall survival of CC patients. Interestingly, DSG2-AS1 was associated with human papillomavirus infection pathway through AKT3, DLG1, and COL6A2 genes. This is the first study that reports the levels of EVs and their lncRNA contents change during cancer development, demonstrating the existence of a unique vesicle-mediated cell-to-cell communication network underlying cancer progression.