Combined metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that biochar application with nitrogen reduction altered the soil microenvironment of Phoebe bournei seedlings

This study explores the synergistic effects of biochar and nitrogen reduction on the rhizosphere ecosystem of Phoebe bournei seedlings. Combining metabolomics and metagenomics, it reveals that biochar-amended treatments with reduced nitrogen inputs induce metabolic reprogramming in soil, notably enhancing pathways linked to plant stress resistance and nutrient cycling.