TD14 and TD3280 U.S. Surface Airway Hourly Observations

This data set, from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), contains hourly or 3-hourly surface weather observations, primarily measured at major airports and military bases. The stations are operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the U.S. Air Force (Air Weather Service), and the U.S. Navy (Navy Weather Detachment). The NWS and FAA sites are located in the contiguous U.S., Alaska, Puerto Rico, Hawaii and other Pacific Islands. The Air Force and Navy operate stations worldwide; however, only a few are included in this set.

The observations are generally recorded midnight to midnight for the 24-hour period. The major data parameters are clouds, visibility, wind, temperature, sky cover, relative humidity, pressure, and descriptive weather. The earliest data is for 1938 but most stations begin in 1948. There are about 300 stations.

TD14 refers to the NCDC format of the original data up through 1983, which has been converted into a packed binary format; TD3280 refers to the ASCII format used at NCDC beginning with the 1984 data.

This set was retired from production at NCDC after 2005.

本数据集源自国家气候数据中心（NCDC），收录了每小时或每三小时的地表气象观测数据，主要测量于大型机场和军事基地。观测站由国家气象服务局（NWS）、联邦航空管理局（FAA）、美国空军（空军气象服务）和美国海军（海军气象分队）运营。NWS和FAA的站点位于美国本土、阿拉斯加、波多黎各、夏威夷以及其他太平洋岛屿。空军和海军在全球范围内运营站点，但本集中仅包含少数站点。观测数据通常记录自午夜至午夜，为期24小时。主要数据参数包括云量、能见度、风速、温度、天空覆盖率、相对湿度、气压以及天气描述。最早的数据可追溯至1938年，但大多数站点始于1948年。共有约300个站点。TD14指的是1983年及之前的原始数据所采用的NCDC格式，已转换为打包的二进制格式；TD3280则指的是自1984年起在NCDC使用的ASCII格式。本数据集于2005年后从NCDC的生产中退役。