Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with poor sleep health during a period of COVID-19 induced nation-wide lockdown: a cross-sectional analysis of adults in the Middle East

Background: Jordan, a Middle Eastern country, declared a state of national emergency due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and a strict nation-wide lockdown on March 17, 2020, banning all travel and movement around the country, potentially impacting mental health. This study sought to investigate the association between mental health (e.g., anxiety and depressive symptoms) and sleep health among a sample of Jordanians living through a state of COVID-19 induced nation-wide lockdown.

Methods: Using Facebook, participants (N=1,240) in Jordan in March 2020 were recruited and direct to a web-based survey measuring anxiety (items from GAD-7 instrument), depressive symptoms (items from DES-10), sleep health (items from the PSQI), and sociodemographic. A modified Poisson regression model with robust error variance. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to examine how anxiety and depressive symptoms may affect different dimensions of sleep healt...