Data on fatty acids extracted from the pottery of the first farmers in Central Europe

Sedentary lifestyle, agriculture and production of ceramic vessels are just a few aspects connected with the transition to farming, which in Central Europe happened around 5500 calBC. The first farming communities are associated with the Linear Pottery culture (Linearbandkeramik, further known as the LBK), which occupied large parts of Europe. The subsistence patterns of these communities are usually based on the study of archaeozoological or archaeobotanical material. However, they are not found in large quantities compared to abundant pottery vessels. Recent research has demonstrated that ceramic vessels may contain lipids that can inform the type of food cooked, served or stored inside the vessels.
The presented dataset brings dietary information on the LBK based on fatty acid analysis extracted from the pottery. The research focused on several questions: 1) to what extent the natural environment affected the diet; 2) whether the house size affected the diet; 3) whether the volume of the vessels and vessel types affected the cooked/served/stored food.
Samples were taken from four different settlements in the eastern part of the Czech Republic, each lying in a different environment (lowland, upland, foothill and basin): Těšetice-Kyjovice, Lechovice, Otrokovice-Kvítkovice and Zlín-Malenovice, which are contemporary from the chronological point of view.
The research contributes to understanding the variability of the first farmers' diet, the households' social-economic impact, and the function of pottery during food processing.

静态生活方式、农业以及陶瓷器的生产仅仅是与农业转型相关联的诸多方面之一，这一转型在公元前5500年左右发生于中欧地区。最初的农耕社群与线性陶器文化（Linearbandkeramik，后又称LBK）相联系，该文化占据着欧洲的大部分地区。这些社群的生计模式通常基于对考古动物学和考古植物学材料的分析。然而，与丰富的陶器器皿相比，这些材料并不丰富。近期的研究表明，陶瓷器皿可能含有能够揭示器皿内烹饪、提供或储存的食品类型的脂质。本数据集基于从陶器中提取的脂肪酸分析，提供了关于LBK的饮食信息。研究聚焦于以下几个问题：1）自然环境在多大程度上影响了饮食；2）房屋大小是否影响了饮食；3）器皿的体积和类型是否影响了烹饪/提供/储存的食品。样本来自捷克共和国东部四个不同的定居点，每个定居点位于不同的环境中（平原、山区、山麓和盆地）：Těšetice-Kyjovice、Lechovice、Otrokovice-Kvítkovice和Zlín-Malenovice，它们在时间上处于同期。该研究有助于理解早期农民饮食的变异性、家庭的社会经济影响以及陶器在食品加工过程中的功能。