Governance Public Safety and Justice Survey 2018-2019 - South Africa

Abstract
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In April 2018, StatsSA launched the Governance Public Safety and Justice Survey (GPSJS) in response to the need for standardised international reporting standards on governance and access to justice that are recommended by the SDGs, ShaSA and Agenda 2063. In compliance with these standards, Stats SA discontinued the separate publication of the Victims of Crime Survey (VCS) and incorporated it within the new GPSJS series. Therefore, the GPSJS represents the new source of microdata on the experience and prevalence of particular kinds of crime within South Africa.

The GPSJS is a countrywide household-based survey which collects data on two types of crimes, namely, vehicle hijacking and home robbery. Business robbery is not covered by the survey. The survey includes information on victimization experienced by individuals and households and their perspectives on community responses to crime. Additionally, the survey data includes information on legitimacy, voice, equity and discrimination. Therefore, GPSJS data can be used for research in the development of policies and strategies for governance, crime prevention, public safety and justice programmes. The main objectives of the survey are to:

• Provide information about the dynamics of crime from the perspective of households and the victims of crime.
• Explore public perceptions of the activities of the police, prosecutors, courts and correctional services in the prevention of crime and victimization.
• Provide complimentary data on the level of crime within South Africa in addition to the statistics published annually by the South African Police Service.

NOTE: The GPSJS is a continuation of the VCS series, which ended with VCS 2017/18. Therefore, the VCS 2018/19 can be extracted from GPSJS 2018/19 and is comparable to previous VCS's only where questions remained the same. Please see Data Quality Notes for more information on comparability.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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Households and individuals

Universe
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The target population of the survey consists of all private households in all nine provinces of South Africa, as well as residents in workers' hostels. The survey does not cover other collective living quarters such as students' hostels, old-age homes, hospitals, prisons and military barracks. It is only representative of non-institutionalized and non-military persons or households in South Africa.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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GPSJS 2018/19 uses a Master Sample of 2013 (MS 2013) which has been designed as a general-purpose household survey frame for all Stats SA household surveys. MS 2013 is based on a stratified two-stage design with probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling of primary sampling units (PSUs) in the first stage, and systematic sampling of dwelling units (DUs) in the second stage. The MS has 3 324 PSUs and it has been divided into four rotation groups. Thus, each rotation group has 831 PSUs.

The selected 3 324 PSUs were sent to Geography division for the creation of the up-to-date DU frame to be used in the selection of the dwelling unit sample. There were three conceptually split PSUs (as per MS design) in the MS PSUs based on GIF information. This resulted in 3 324 PSUs, but on the ground they are represented by 3 321 unique PSUs. Out of the 3 324 PSUs, 3 313 PSUs had dwelling units to sample from while no sample could be drawn from 11 PSUs. The dwelling units were selected using the systematic sampling method with a specified sample take of around 10 DUs per PSU. A total of 27 071 DUs were sampled.

MS 2013 is designed to be representative at provincial level and within provinces at metro/non-metro levels. Within the metros, the sample is further distributed by geographical type. The three geography types are Urban, Tribal and Farms. This implies, for example, that within a metropolitan area, the sample is representative of the different geography types that may exist within that metro.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The GPSJS 2018/19 questionnaire is based on international reporting standards of governance, public safety and justice defined by the SDGs.

Sections 1 to 3 of the questionnaire relate to household crimes. A proxy respondent (preferably head of the household or acting head of household) answered on behalf of the household. Section 4 to 9 of the questionnaire relate to crimes experienced by individuals and were asked of a household member who was selected using the birthday section method. This methodology selects an individual who is 16 years or older, whose birthday is soonest after the survey date.

Data appraisal
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Comparability to VCS series:

While redesigning the VCS into the GPSJS, some questions were modified in order to align the series with international reporting demands (e.g. SDGs) and to improve the accuracy of victim reporting. This caused a break of series for affected questions, in particular questions on 12-month experience of crime. The question on 5-year experience of crime was not changed and hence there is no break of series. The 5-year trends can therefore be used as a proxy for the 12-month series as the two follow similar patterns. Similarity of shapes of the two series makes it possible to predict increase or decrease of crime during the past 12 months using the 5-year series.

摘要
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2018年4月，为响应可持续发展目标（SDGs）、Shau Sa和2063年议程所推荐的关于治理和司法获取的标准化国际报告标准的需求，南非统计局（StatsSA）推出了治理、公共安全和司法调查（GPSJS）。遵守这些标准，Stats SA 停止了犯罪受害者调查（VCS）的独立出版，并将其纳入新的GPSJS系列中。因此，GPSJS代表了南非特定类型犯罪经历和普遍性的新微观数据来源。

GPSJS是一项全国性的基于家庭的调查，收集关于两种类型犯罪的数据，即车辆抢劫和家庭盗窃。调查不涵盖商业抢劫。调查包括关于个人和家庭遭受的犯罪受害者化和对犯罪社区响应的看法的信息。此外，调查数据还包括关于合法性、声音、公平性和歧视的信息。因此，GPSJS数据可用于治理、犯罪预防、公共安全和司法项目政策和发展策略的研究。调查的主要目标是：

• 从家庭和犯罪受害者的角度提供关于犯罪动态的信息。
• 探讨公众对警察、检察官、法院和矫正服务在预防犯罪和受害者化活动中的看法。
• 提供关于南非犯罪水平的补充数据，这些数据与南非警察局每年发布的统计数据相辅相成。

注意：GPSJS是VCS系列的延续，VCS系列于2017/18年结束。因此，VCS 2018/19可以从GPSJS 2018/19中提取，并且仅当问题保持不变时才与之前的VCS可比。请参阅数据质量说明以获取更多关于可比性的信息。

地理覆盖范围
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全国覆盖

分析单元
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家庭和个人

总体
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调查的目标人口包括南非所有九个省份的所有私人家庭，以及工人宿舍的居民。调查不涵盖其他集体居住区，如学生宿舍、养老院、医院、监狱和军事营房。它仅代表南非非机构化和非军事的个人或家庭。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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GPSJS 2018/19使用2013年主样本（MS 2013），该样本被设计为Stats SA所有家庭调查的一般用途家庭调查框架。MS 2013基于第一阶段中主要抽样单元（PSU）的分层两阶段设计，以及第二阶段中居住单元（DU）的系统抽样。该MS有3,324个PSU，并分为四个轮换组。因此，每个轮换组有831个PSU。

选定的3,324个PSU被发送到地理部门，用于创建用于选择居住单元样本的最新DU框架。在MS PSU中基于GIF信息，有三个概念上分割的PSU（根据MS设计）。这导致有3,324个PSU，但在实地它们由3,321个独特的PSU代表。在3,324个PSU中，有3,313个PSU有居住单元可供抽样，从11个PSU中无法抽取样本。居住单元使用系统抽样方法进行选择，每个PSU的样本量为大约10个DU。总共抽样了27,071个DU。

MS 2013旨在在省级和各省的都市/非都市级别上具有代表性。在都市内部，样本根据地理类型进一步分配。三种地理类型是城市、部落和农场。这意味着，例如，在一个都市区域内，样本代表该都市内可能存在的不同地理类型。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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GPSJS 2018/19问卷基于由可持续发展目标（SDGs）定义的国际治理、公共安全和司法报告标准。

问卷的第1至3部分与家庭犯罪相关。由代理受访者（最好是户主或代行户主）代表家庭回答。问卷的第4至9部分与个人遭受的犯罪相关，由使用生日部分方法选定的家庭成员回答。此方法选择一个16岁或以上、生日最接近调查日期的个人。

数据评估
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与VCS系列的可比性：
在将VCS重新设计为GPSJS的过程中，为了使系列与国际化报告要求（例如SDGs）保持一致并提高受害者报告的准确性，对某些问题进行了修改。这导致了受影响问题系列的断裂，特别是关于12个月犯罪经历的问题。关于5年犯罪经历的问题没有改变，因此没有系列断裂。因此，5年趋势可以作为12个月系列的替代品，因为两者遵循相似的模式。两个系列形状的相似性使得使用5年系列预测过去12个月犯罪的增加或减少成为可能。