Effect of diet on the rainbow trout gut microbiota and fitness

We investigated the consequences of protein source substitution on gut microbiota composition, growth performance, and resistance to pathogen infection in rainbow trout. We showed that insects and yeast constitute promising protein complements to vegetal fish feeds by increasing gut bacterial richness and improving growth performance compared to a vegetal and commercial diet, without altering fish resistance to experimental infection. These properties support these ingredients' potential interest in maintaining growth performance and microbiota functions while contributing to the aquaculture's sustainable development.