Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (Arctic GRO) River Discharge Data (1936-2024)

The Arctic Great Rivers Observatory (ArcticGRO) discharge dataset provides long-term, high-resolution river discharge measurements from major Arctic rivers to support hydrological, biogeochemical, and climate research. Data are compiled through collaborative efforts of national hydrological agencies, including Roshydromet (Russia), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, United States), and the Water Survey of Canada (WSC, Canada). Discharge records are available for key Arctic rivers such as the Mackenzie, Yukon, Ob’, Yenisey, Lena, and Kolyma, with additional coverage from rivers including Onega, Northern Dvina, Mezen’, Pechora, Nadym, Pur, Olenek, Yana, and Indigirka. The dataset spans nearly a century of observations (from as early as the 1930s to the present) and is continuously updated with both certified and provisional daily discharge values. These data are provided in units of cubic meters per second (m³ s⁻¹) and support research on hydrological variability, climate change impacts, freshwater fluxes, and Arctic system processes.