Participant characteristics as a function of age group (A) and instruction condition (B) and the results of A×B ANOVA.

aThe log of the minimum angle of resolution; 0 means no loss, positive values indicate vision loss, and negative values indicate normal or better visual acuity.bThresholds were measured in dB; the greater the threshold, the poorer the sensitivity.cA low score indicates better ability than a high score.dThe variation in the degrees of freedom in the error term reflects missing data.eOnly included those whose first language is English.