Table_1_Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharides Inhibited Colonic Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treated Mice via Foxp3+ T Cells, Gut Microbiota, and Bacterial Metabolites.docx

Tremella fuciformis is an edible medicinal mushroom, and its polysaccharide components are found to confer various health benefits. This study identified the protective effects of polysaccharides of Tremella fuciformis (TPs) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. High dose of TPs (HTPs) could prevent the colon from shortening, reduce activity of colonic myeloperoxidase and serum diamine oxidase (DAO), decrease the concentration of D-lactate, and alleviate the colonic tissue damage in colitic mice. HTPs treatment stimulated Foxp3+T cells, and promoted the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines whereas it reduced the production of pro-inflammatory and the portion of immunoglobulin A (IgA)-coated bacteria, which was related to modulation of immune responses. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that TPs could significantly increase gut community diversity, and restore the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Odoribacter, Helicobacter, Ruminococcaceae, and Marinifilaceae. According to metabolomic analysis, HTPs induced specific microbial metabolites akin to that in normal mice. Tyrosine biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and bile acid metabolism were influenced in the HTPs group compared with those in the DSS group. HTPs could alleviate DSS-induced colitis by immunoregulation and restored the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. The results indicated that HTPs have potential to be developed as a food supplement to ameliorate intestinal diseases.

硬毛菌（Tremella fuciformis）是一种可食用且具有药用价值的真菌，其多糖成分被发现具有多种健康益处。本研究揭示了硬毛菌多糖（TPs）对由硫酸葡聚糖钠（DSS）诱导的小鼠结肠炎的保护作用。高剂量TPs（HTPs）能够防止结肠缩短，降低结肠髓过氧化物酶和血清二胺氧化酶（DAO）的活性，减少D-乳酸的浓度，并缓解结肠炎小鼠的结肠组织损伤。HTPs治疗刺激了Foxp3+T细胞，并促进了抗炎细胞因子的产生，同时减少了促炎细胞因子和免疫球蛋白A（IgA）包裹细菌的比例，这与免疫反应的调节有关。16S rRNA测序分析显示，TPs可以显著增加肠道群落多样性，并恢复乳杆菌、奥德菌、幽门螺杆菌、瘤胃球菌科和海洋菌属的相对丰度。根据代谢组学分析，HTPs诱导了类似于正常小鼠的特定微生物代谢物。与DSS组相比，HTPs组中的酪氨酸生物合成、色氨酸代谢和胆汁酸代谢受到影响。HTPs可以通过免疫调节和恢复肠道微生物群和微生物代谢物来缓解DSS诱导的结肠炎。结果表明，HTPs具有作为食品补充剂以改善肠道疾病的开发潜力。