GHS-UCDB R2019A - GHS Urban Centre Database 2015, multitemporal and multidimensional attributes

The Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) produces new global spatial information, evidence-based analytics, and knowledge describing the human presence in the planet. The Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the Directorate General for Regional Development (DG REGIO) of the European Commission support the GHSL activities. The GHSL contributes to the international partnership “GEO Human Planet Initiative”. The GHSL methods rely on automatic spatial data mining technologies allowing the extraction of analytics and knowledge from large amount of heterogeneous data including global, fine-scale satellite-image data streams, census data, and crowd sources or volunteering geographic information sources. Spatial data reporting objectively and systematically about the presence of population and built-up infrastructures are necessary for any evidence-based modelling or assessing of i) human and physical exposure to threats as environmental contamination and degradation, natural disasters and conflicts, ii) impact of human activities on ecosystems, and iii) access to resources. The GHS Urban Centre Database (GHS- UCDB) describes spatial entities called “urban centres” accordingly to a set of multi-temporal thematic attributes gathered from the GHSL sources integrated with other sources available in the open scientific domain. The Urban Centres are defined by specific cut-off values on resident population and built-up surface share in a 1x1 km global uniform grid. The input data it is generated by the GHSL, and the operating parameters are set in the frame of the “degree of urbanization” (DEGURBA) methodology. The DEGURBA is a methodology for delineation of urban and rural areas made for international statistical comparison purposes that is developed by the European Commission, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN-Habitat and the World Bank. The reference GHSL input data used to delineate the Urban Centres are included in the Community pre-Release of GHS Data Package (GHS CR2018) in support to the GEO Human Planet Initiative. The parameter set used to delineate the Urban Centres from the input data are included in the GHSL settlement classification model SMODv9s10E 2018. The reference epoch for the spatial delineation of the Urban Centres is 2015. The attributes of the GHS-UCDB have different time depth for a maximum of 40 years, depending on availability of the input sources.

全球人居图层（Global Human Settlement Layer，GHSL）产出全新的全球空间信息、循证分析结果与知识体系，用以刻画人类在地球表面的分布与活动情况。欧盟委员会联合研究中心（Joint Research Centre，JRC）与区域发展总司（Directorate General for Regional Development，DG REGIO）为GHSL的相关工作提供支持。GHSL 助力国际合作项目“地球观测组织人类星球倡议（GEO Human Planet Initiative）”。GHSL的技术方法依托自动化空间数据挖掘技术，可从海量异构数据中提取分析结果与知识体系，此类数据涵盖全球精细尺度卫星影像数据流、人口普查数据以及众源或志愿地理信息数据源。能够客观、系统地反映人口分布与建成地表情况的空间数据，是开展循证建模与评估的必要基础，此类评估涵盖三大方向：一是人类与实体设施面临环境污染与退化、自然灾害及冲突等威胁的暴露风险；二是人类活动对生态系统造成的影响；三是资源获取途径。人居城市中心数据库（GHS Urban Centre Database，GHS-UCDB）依据从GHSL数据源整合开放科学领域其他可用数据源后获取的多时态专题属性集合，对被称为“城市中心”的空间实体进行描述。城市中心以全球统一1×1公里网格内的常住人口与建成地表占比的特定阈值作为界定标准。该数据库的输入数据由GHSL生成，其运行参数依据“城市化程度（Degree of Urbanization，DEGURBA）”方法体系设定。DEGURBA是一套用于城乡区域划定的方法体系，专为国际统计比较需求开发，由欧盟委员会、经济合作与发展组织（OECD）、联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）、联合国人居署（UN-Habitat）与世界银行联合研制。用于划定城市中心的GHSL参考输入数据，收录于服务于“地球观测组织人类星球倡议”的《人居数据集社区预发布版（GHS CR2018）》中。用于从输入数据中划定城市中心的参数集合，收录于GHSL 2018版居民点分类模型SMODv9s10E中。城市中心空间划定的参考时间基准为2015年。GHS-UCDB的属性数据具有不同的时间跨度，最长可达40年，具体时长取决于输入数据源的可获取情况。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

GHS-UCDB R2019A是一个全球城市中心数据库，基于2015年参考时期，使用统一方法（如DEGURBA）定义城市中心，覆盖全球超过10,000个城市中心。该数据集具有多时间和多维度属性，时间跨度从1975年到2018年，整合了人口、建筑区域、环境和社会经济等多源数据，以支持城市化和可持续发展研究。数据以多种格式（如XLS、CSV、SHP）提供，便于分析和可视化。