Impact of Cell-Lysis Treatment Prior to Saliva Metagenomic DNA Extraction on the Oral Microbiome and the Associated Resistome

The human oral microbiome, a complex ecological system associated with both oral and overall health, encompasses a diverse array of microbial communities, including antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Given its critical role within the One Health framework for combating antibiotic resistance, it becomes essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of the composition and diversity of the oral resistome. In our investigation, we assessed the influence of chemical cell-lysis treatment utilizing MetaPolyzyme on the oral microbiome, resistome, and the quality and quantity of DNA extracted. Our study unveiled that this treatment resulted in substantial alterations in microbial composition and resulted in a unique distribution of ARGs. These findings emphasize the significance of incorporating cell-lysis treatment into metagenomic analyses of the oral microbiome, offering valuable insights for protocol optimization and enhancing our comprehension of the dynamics of the oral resistome concerning antimicrobial resistance.