Supplementary Material for: Bladder stone composition in JiangSu region of China: results from 421 stone analyses

Introduction: Accurate analysis of bladder stone composition is essential for appropriate treatment planning and recurrence prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of bladder stone components in our center. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis on the composition of bladder stones collected in our center from January 2014 to March 2023 was conducted in the present work. Age, sex and laboratory examination of all patients were collected. Infrared spectroscopy was conducted for stone analysis. Results: The most common stone component was calcium oxalate (43.0%), followed by uric acid (UA) stone (35.4%), calcium phosphate (12.10%), infection stone (9.0%) and cystine (0.5%). The highest stone prevalence appeared in patients aged over 60 years, and increased progressively with age. Furthermore, patients with UA stones were more likely to have a lower urinary pH. Additionally, patients with infection stones showed higher incidence of urinary tract infections than those with other types of stones. Patients with UA stones had higher average serum UA and creatinine levels. Uric acid stones are more likely to form multiple stones compared to stones of other composition. The volume of infectious stones is larger compared to stones of other compositions. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of gaining a deeper understanding of bladder stone composition, as it can lead to more effective evaluation, treatment, and prevention of stone disease.