Users' needs for a digital smoking cessation application and how to address them: Data and analysis code

This is the data and analysis code underlying the paper "Users' needs for a digital smoking cessation application and how to address them: A mixed-methods study" by Nele Albers, Mark A. Neerincx, Kristell M. Penfornis, and Willem-Paul Brinkman. The goal of this paper is to get a more accurate assessment of users' needs for eHealth applications for behavior change, with the focus on smoking cessation. <br> <strong>Study</strong> The paper is based on a longitudinal study on the crowdsourcing platform Prolific run between 20 May 2021 and 30 June 2021. The Human Research Ethics Committee of Delft University of Technology granted ethical approval for the research (Letter of Approval number: 1523). <br> In this study, smokers who were contemplating or preparing to quit smoking interacted with the text-based virtual coach Sam in up to five conversational sessions. In each session, participants were assigned a new preparatory activity for quitting smoking, such as thinking of and writing down reasons for quitting smoking. Since becoming more physically active may make it easier to quit smoking, half of the activities addressed becoming more physically active. In the next session, participants were asked to provide feedback on their activity by means of a rating of the effort they spent on the activity and a free-text response describing their experience with the activity. After the five sessions, participants filled in a post-questionnaire in which they were asked about their feedback on their activity from the last session, barriers and motivators for doing their activities, and views on videos of interaction scenarios. These videos showed interaction scenarios such as receiving motivational messages from the virtual coach, telling one's social environment about one's quit attempt, or consulting a general practitioner in case of a smoking relapse. There were 13 different videos, and each participant saw 2 of them. <br> The study was pre-registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF): _{https://osf.io/k2uac}. This pre-registration describes the study design, measures, etc. Note that the data we provide here is only a part of the data collected in the study, namely, the data related to studying user needs. Data on the acceptance of the virtual coach can be found separately here: _{https://doi.org/10.4121/19934783.v1}. <br> The implementation of the virtual coach Sam can be found here: _{https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6319356}. <br> The formulations for the 24 preparatory activities used in the study can be found in Table S1 in the paper. <br> <strong>Data</strong> We collected four main types of data from participants: <strong>Activity effort and experience</strong>: The effort people spent on their activity from the last session and their experience with it. <strong>Barriers and motivators for doing the activities</strong>: Participants answered two free-text questions in the post-questionnaire. <strong>Views on interaction scenarios</strong>: For each interaction scenario, participants provided a rating on a scale from -5 to 5 describing their intention to engage in the interaction and a free-text response after the prompt "Why do you think so?". <strong>User characteristics</strong>: We measured several user characteristics (e.g., quitter self-identity, smoking frequency, weekly exercise amount, Big-Five personality, gender). Please consult the "Readme"-file in the "Data"-folder for more information on the data we collected. <br> <strong>Analysis</strong> We conducted a mixed-methods analysis that consisted of a thematic analysis with the addition of triangulation with literature and quantitative data. <br>

本数据集配套论文为《用户对数字化戒烟应用的需求及解决路径：一项混合方法研究》（"Users' needs for a digital smoking cessation application and how to address them: A mixed-methods study"），作者为Nele Albers、Mark A. Neerincx、Kristell M. Penfornis与Willem-Paul Brinkman。本研究旨在更精准地评估用于行为改变的电子健康（eHealth）应用的用户需求，研究聚焦于戒烟场景。
<strong>研究</strong> 本研究基于2021年5月20日至2021年6月30日在众包平台Prolific上开展的纵向研究。代尔夫特理工大学人类研究伦理委员会批准了本研究的伦理审查（批准函编号：1523）。
在本研究中，正处于戒烟思考或准备阶段的吸烟者与基于文本的虚拟教练Sam进行至多五轮对话交互。每一轮会话中，参与者都会获得一项全新的戒烟准备活动，例如思考并写下戒烟的动因。由于增加身体活动有助于戒烟，其中半数活动围绕提升身体活动量展开。在下一轮会话中，参与者需要针对自身完成的活动提交反馈：包括对活动投入程度的评分，以及描述活动体验的自由文本回复。五轮会话结束后，参与者填写后测问卷，问卷内容涵盖对最后一轮活动的反馈、参与活动的阻碍因素与激励因素，以及对交互场景视频的看法。这些视频展示了如接收虚拟教练的激励信息、向社交圈告知戒烟尝试、或在复吸时咨询全科医生等交互场景。本次研究共制作13个不同的视频，每位参与者观看其中2个。
本研究已在开放科学框架（Open Science Framework, OSF）上预先注册：_{https://osf.io/k2uac}。该预注册文件详细说明了研究设计、测量工具等内容。请注意，本数据集仅包含本次研究收集的部分数据，即与用户需求研究相关的数据。关于虚拟教练接受度的数据可在此处单独获取：_{https://doi.org/10.4121/19934783.v1}。
虚拟教练Sam的实现代码可在此处获取：_{https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6319356}。
本研究中使用的24项戒烟准备活动的表述方式详见论文中的表S1。
<strong>数据</strong> 我们从参与者处收集了四类核心数据：
<strong>活动投入程度与体验</strong>：参与者针对最后一轮活动的投入程度评分及活动体验的自由文本反馈。
<strong>活动参与阻碍与激励因素</strong>：参与者在后测问卷中回答的两道自由文本问题的结果。
<strong>交互场景看法</strong>：针对每一个交互场景，参与者需要在-5至5的量表上评分以表明自身参与该交互的意愿，并在提示语“你为什么这么认为？”后提交自由文本回复。
<strong>用户特征</strong>：我们测量了多项用户特征，例如戒烟者自我认同、吸烟频率、周运动时长、大五人格（Big-Five personality）、性别等。如需了解更多收集到的数据细节，请查阅“Data”文件夹中的“Readme”文件。
<strong>分析方法</strong> 我们采用混合方法分析，包括主题分析，并结合文献与定量数据进行三角验证。