全球土地退化评价数据集

（1）2000—2018年全球土地退化与改善恢复两大过程在不同区域并行发生，两者总量基本持平，干旱半干旱区土地退化出现明显恢复态势，表明UNCCD公约实施以来，全球荒漠化防治取得了显著成效。
2000年以来，全球土地退化扩展和加重的土地总面积达1609.59万km2，占全球陆地总面积的11.95%，改善和恢复的土地总面积1647.62万km²，占全球陆地总面积的12.23%，改善和恢复的土地面积略大于退化扩展和加重的面积。退化扩展和加重区域集中分布在非洲和南美洲热带及其以南地区，而改善和恢复土地多分布在亚洲、北美洲等地区。
作为土地退化的敏感区，2000年以来，全球干旱半干旱区中有278.50万km²土地退化加剧；同期，有434.06万km2的干旱半干旱区土地退化状态有所改善和恢复，恢复面积比退化加剧面积高出约56%，远高于全球土地退化与恢复的平均水平。这反映出UNCCD公约实施以来，全球荒漠化防治取得了显著成效。监测与分析结果表明，在干旱半干旱区中，亚洲改善和恢复土地的面积最大，占改善和恢复面积50%以上，尤以中国和印度改善和恢复的面积最大。
（2）本世纪以来全球重要热带雨林地区出现的大面积森林退化现象，对SDG土地退化防治目标的实现构成了新的挑战，必须引起国际社会和相关国家的广泛重视。
2000年以来，亚马孙平原和刚果盆地等全球水热条件最佳的热带雨林区域出现了大面积的森林退化，这主要与全球变化背景下的气候变暖、厄尔尼诺等引起的连年干旱以及森林的大范围砍伐、开垦和频繁的火灾干扰等因素密切相关。在这些非传统的土地退化区域所出现的大面积、高强度退化现象，对SDG土地退化防治目标的实现构成了新的挑战，必须引起国际社会和相关国家的广泛重视。
（3）全球主要传统退化区域中，中国、南亚次大陆等区域土地退化趋势出现了明显的逆转，表明有效的政策引导和积极科学的治理行动可以有效扭转土地退化趋势，亚洲的范例为全球的土地退化防治提供了借鉴的经验。
2000年以来，全球传统土地退化区中，萨赫勒地区、埃塞俄比亚高原和东非高原、巴西高原、黑海和里海北部等区域，退化扩展和加重趋势明显，这主要是由人口压力和经济利益驱动下的不合理大面积开垦、弃耕以及落后的农业基础设施和农业生产管理模式造成，气候变化不是导致土地退化的主因。
同期，在全球传统土地退化区中，中国、南亚次大陆等区域土地退化趋势出现了逆转，在较大范围内土地质量的改善和恢复明显，中国和印度两国对全球土地改善和恢复的贡献率达26.78%。其中，中国主要通过有效的生态工程治理，大范围提高了退化土地的植被覆盖能力，实现了退化土地的改善和恢复，对全球土地改善和恢复的贡献率达19.13%；

(1) From 2000 to 2018, two concurrent processes of global land degradation and land improvement/restoration occurred across different regions, with their total areas roughly equal. The land degradation in arid and semi-arid regions exhibited a clear recovery trend, demonstrating that remarkable achievements have been made in global desertification control since the implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).
Since 2000, the total area of land experiencing global land degradation expansion and aggravation has reached 16.0959 million km², accounting for 11.95% of the global total terrestrial area. The total area of land undergoing improvement and restoration is 16.4762 million km², making up 12.23% of the global total terrestrial area, with the restored and improved land area slightly larger than that of degraded land. Areas with expanded and aggravated land degradation are mainly concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America, while lands with improvement and restoration are mostly distributed in Asia, North America and other regions.
As sensitive areas to land degradation, 2.785 million km² of land in global arid and semi-arid regions saw intensified degradation since 2000. Meanwhile, 4.3406 million km² of arid and semi-arid land had their degradation status improved and restored. The restored area was approximately 56% higher than the area of intensified degradation, far exceeding the global average level of land degradation and restoration. This further reflects the significant progress made in global desertification control since the implementation of UNCCD. Monitoring and analysis results show that among arid and semi-arid regions, Asia has the largest area of improved and restored land, accounting for more than 50% of the global total improved and restored land in such regions, especially China and India.
(2) The large-scale forest degradation occurring in global key tropical rainforest regions since the start of the 21st century poses new challenges to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets for land degradation control, which demands extensive attention from the international community and relevant countries.
Since 2000, large-scale forest degradation has emerged in tropical rainforest regions with the most favorable hydrothermal conditions globally, such as the Amazon Plain and the Congo Basin. This is mainly closely related to factors including persistent droughts caused by global warming, El Niño events and other phenomena under the background of global change, as well as large-scale deforestation, reclamation and frequent fire disturbances. The large-scale, high-intensity degradation occurring in these non-traditional land degradation regions poses new challenges to the achievement of the SDG targets for land degradation control, requiring extensive attention from the international community and relevant countries.
(3) In the world's major traditional land degradation regions, the land degradation trends in areas such as China and the South Asian subcontinent have reversed significantly, indicating that effective policy guidance and proactive scientific governance actions can effectively reverse land degradation trends. The Asian examples have provided reference experiences for global land degradation control.
Since 2000, in the global traditional land degradation regions, areas including the Sahel, the Ethiopian Plateau, the East African Plateau, the Brazilian Plateau, and the northern regions of the Black Sea and Caspian Sea have seen obvious trends of degradation expansion and aggravation. This is mainly caused by unreasonable large-scale reclamation and abandoned farmland driven by population pressure and economic interests, as well as outdated agricultural infrastructure and agricultural production management models. Climate change is not the primary cause of land degradation in these regions.
Meanwhile, in the global traditional land degradation regions, the land degradation trends in areas such as China and the South Asian subcontinent have reversed significantly, with obvious improvements and restorations of land quality across large areas. China and India together contribute 26.78% to the global total improved and restored land area. Specifically, China has mainly improved and restored degraded land by implementing effective ecological engineering governance, which has greatly increased the vegetation coverage of degraded land on a large scale, contributing 19.13% to the global total improved and restored land area.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供了2000-2018年全球土地退化和改善恢复的评估数据，揭示了不同地区的退化与恢复趋势，特别强调了干旱半干旱地区的显著恢复和中国等地的有效治理成果。数据集基于中国自主开发的净初级生产力数据产品，结合气象和土地覆盖变化数据，为全球土地退化防治提供了科学依据。