AI4Debunk citizen survey on disinformation exposure and verification practices: questionnaire and aggregated results (8 European countries)

This survey was conducted during Year 3 of the AI4DEBUNK project www.ai4debunk.eu coordinated by Pilot4dev with the support of most project partners. It responds directly to the recommendations of the 2025 Review Committee, which highlighted the importance of more systematically capturing the perspectives of vulnerable and under-represented groups in the analysis of disinformation and democratic challenges. To address these requirements, the consortium decided to complement existing research activities with an in-person questionnaire. The survey was implemented within the framework of Tasks 13.1 and 13.4 of the project and aimed to gather field-based insights into citizens’ perceptions, priorities, and experiences related to disinformation, information verification practices, and expectations towards reporting and validation tools. The choice of face-to-face data collection was intended to enhance inclusiveness and ensure participation from individuals who may be less likely to engage in online consultations. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The in-person format was deliberately chosen to enhance inclusiveness, allow clarification of questions when needed, and ensure participation of respondents who may be less likely to engage with online surveys. Interviewers administered the questionnaire directly and recorded responses during the interviews. In total, 135 valid responses were collected across eight European countries, ensuring cross-national coverage and thematic diversity. The survey was conducted over a limited time frame and followed a harmonised protocol across countries.