Role of Noninvasive Urinary Prothrombin Fragment 1 + 2 to Measure Blood Coagulation Indices and Dose of Acenocoumarol

PF1 + 2 plasma levels are a crucial indicator for assessing
anticoagulant
action in individuals receiving anticoagulant treatment. Urine also
has PF1 + 2 levels due to its molecular size. Hence, the present study
aims to measure urinary prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (uPF1 + 2) in patients
taking anticoagulants in order to divulge a noninvasive surrogate
marker of PT-INR of blood coagulopathy. A total of 205 people participated
in the study: 104 patients on acenocoumarol (AC) and 101 healthy controls
(HC). Clinical parameters, including PT-INR, urinary creatinine, etc.,
were measured in all subjects. To evaluate uPF1 + 2 in samples, MALDI-TOF-MS,
Western blot analysis, and ELISA tests were used. The MALDI-TOF-MS
results showed the presence of uPF1 + 2 in both AC and HC urine samples.
The Western blot, ELISA experiment, and unpaired t test results displayed that the patients with AC had significantly
increased levels of uPF1 + 2 compared to HC. A regression study showed
a strong positive relation between blood-based PT-INR and uPF1 + 2.
ROC validation also revealed the clinical efficacy of uPF1 + 2. For
the goal to monitor anticoagulant medication, the present study highlights
PF1 + 2, which describes the overall hemostatic capacity and might
be utilized in addition to or instead of PT-INR.