2016-2017 Data Set of Impacts of Soil Tillage Methods on Soil Properties and Crop Yield in Typical Areas of North China

1、Experiment site: Luancheng District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province (37 ° 53'N, 114 ° 41'E) and Nanpi County, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province (38 ° 06 ′ N, 116 ° 40 ′ E)；2、Time：2016-20173、Experimental design: The experimental treatment in the two experimental areas is the same, and both are conducted on the basis of continuous years of full straw returning and soil rotary tillage. Four treatments were set up in the experiment: 1) Conventional rotary tillage (CK) of soil. After summer corn was harvested, the corn straw was crushed twice with a corn straw grinder and rotated twice, with a depth of 7-10 cm; 2) Soil deep ploughing (DT): after summer corn straw is crushed, deep plough once with a deep plough, with a depth of 20~25cm,; 3) Soil deep loosening (SS): after the summer corn straw is crushed, use a deep loosening plough to deeply loosen the soil, with a depth of 30-35 cm. The width between two deep loosening ploughs is 60 cm. After deep loosening, use rotary tillage once; 4) Narrow subsoiling (NSS) of soil: the operation mode and tools are the same as those of SS treatment, because the width between two subsoiling plows is 30 cm, which is narrower than that of SS treatment.4、Item and methods(1) Meteorological data: meteorological data of Botou County near Nanpi Experimental Station and that of Luancheng station are used,and including daily precipitation, temperature, sunshine hours, humidity, wind speed and other data recorded in real time.(2) Soil water content: after the sowing and harvesting of winter wheat and summer corn, the soil water content is measured by drying method, with a depth of 0-2m, and every 20cm is a layer.(3) Winter wheat yield and yield composition: when winter wheat is mature, determine the number of ears in each plot, harvest separately in each plot, thresh with a thresher, record the air dried yield (water content is constant at 13%), and determine the 1000 grain weight. Before harvest, 80~100 spikes were randomly selected for each treatment, and the number of grains per ear, grain weight and biomass were measured, and the harvest index was calculated.(4) Yield and yield composition of summer maize: when the summer maize is mature, determine the number of ears in each plot, harvest separately in each plot, and calculate the yield. Before harvest, 10 varieties were randomly selected from each treatment, and the grain number per spike and 1000 grain weight were determined.(5) Root length density of winter wheat: when the winter wheat is mature, the soil with a depth of 0-100cm is taken with a root drill with a diameter of 10cm to measure the root distribution. When sampling, the center of the root drill is placed on the crop row and the junction between rows. 10cm is a layer with a total of 10 depths. Each process has 4 replicates. After sampling, take it back to the laboratory, wash the root system with a 0.25 mm soil sieve, pick up impurities, and then measure the root length in the root disc with a grid unit of 1.27 cm (Tennant, 1975). Calculate the root length density (RLD) with the measured root length values at different depths, in cm/cm3.(6) Soil bulk density: after the winter wheat harvest use the steel ring sampling method to measure the soil bulk density (BD) of 0-40 cm soil layer(7) Soil water consumption, water productivity (WP) and ET: calculate soil water consumption according to soil water dynamics during crop growth period, and calculate water consumption during growth period in combination with irrigation, rainfall, soil leakage and other parameters to calculate water productivity.(8) Physical and chemical properties of soil: soil samples of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm soil layers were collected at three locations. The soil samples of the same soil depth in the same place were mixed into a duplicate to determine the soil nutrient content and aggregate content. Soil organic matter (SOC), total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium are determined according to Chen [6] method. The soil aggregate composition was analyzed by Kemper and Chepil [32] wet sieve separation method. Use 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.053 mm sieve for separation.(9) Soil compactness: In the winter wheat seedling stage of 2019, use SC-900 soil compactness meter (SPECTRUM, Glastonbury, CT USA) to measure the soil infiltration resistance at every 2.5 cm to 45 cm increase, and monitor 3 points for each plot.