Labour Force Survey 2006-2007 - Mongolia

Abstract
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The main objective of the survey is to update and expand the labour force statistical baseline, fully capture and analyses the employment pattern. The survey results will provide an importance reference for policy and decision makers, business entrepreneurs, analysts and government officers to develop as well as monitor and assess the implementation of government policies and programmes on employment promotion and poverty and unemployment reduction and support the effective labour market. Accordingly, the survey aims at collecting the comprehensive set of data from households to estimate employment and - 2 -IV quarter LFS+CLS, 2006-2007 unemployment characteristics which capture the seasonal variability, location, social and economic activities in accordance with the definition and methodology of ILO. In the same time, child activities module will estimate the scope, spread, profile, causes and consequences of child work and accurately count the number of children engaged in child labour or at risk of child labour. The data of the module survey will provide an important reference for short and long term planning on child protection and elimination of child labour.

Geographic coverage
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The survey is nationally and regionally (5 regions - West, Central, East, South, Ulaanbaatar) representative and covers the whole of Mongolia.

Analysis unit
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- Household
- Individual

Universe
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The people who are staying outside the household more than 6 months(military service, working overseas and imprisoned) are not counted by the survey. In light of incorporating the child activities module in the survey by the request of IPEC/ILO, the minimum age limit of household respondents was set at 5 and above in comformity with the international standard.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sampling unit of survey is a household. The sample frame of 2006-2007 has been the administration units of Mongolia and the sampling was based on 2005 household, population and work age population to improve the previous sampling design. As of 2000 Population and Housing Census, the total population amounted to 2,373,493 and household to 541,149 whereas these figures went up to 2,594,792 and 632,500 respectively by the end of 2006. In addition, the migration was on the rise. Therefore, it was necessary to redesign the sample based on the final data of the previous year. As most of enumeration areas of 2000 Population and Housing Census disappeared or significantly reduced in size, the survey had to make sampling by aimag, soum and bag frames. At the same time the sampling technique required to split some of primary sampling unit (bags in aimag centers and parts of the cities which had a large number of residents) into smaller segments. In light of this requirement and ratio between sampling units and sample households, the number of households in sample enumeration areas was set at 12 and enumeration areas at 1024.

A total of 29 strata was made comprised of 21 strata representing each of all aimags and 8 strata from 9 districts of Ulaanbaatar city(least populated two districts were put into one strata). Primary sampling units are parts of khoroos of Ulaanbaatar city and bags in aimags to make up 1024 units in total comprised of 384 parts and 640 bags. The second labour force survey adopted a multi stage stratified sampling design. Sampling was made on estimate of the weight of unemployment in total population. In addition, sampling distribution by aimag anc city districts was made in proportion to work age population. At primary sampling stage, the selection was made by probability proportional to size and at secondary stage 12 households were selected from each enumeration area using the simple random sampling procedure. To rephrase, the survey households were chosen with the method of a sub-sampling.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The current survey conducted a questionnaire of 9 chapters and 159 questions. Adding two more chapters and 36 more questions in the questionnaire derived from the needs which emerged in midst of analysing the data of the 1st survey to correlate the employment especially child activities with the household social and economic variables and elicit the causes of employment. Hence, in addition, the data and variables on migration, education and training and informal employment have been estimated. The second survey excels the previous one by additional data as mentioned before and wider sample frame which allows estimating the data by aimags.

In pursuance with the survey objectives, the questionnaire has been designed to collect the following data by current and usual status:
1. Household social and economic characteristics (housing type, ownership, energy, fuel, water supply, livestock and land property)

2.Democraphic characteristics(relationship to household head, sex, birthdate, school attendance, highest grade achieved, literacy, marital status, disability, cause for disability)

3.Activity status in the last seven days (economic and non-economic activities, time spent on these activities, economic activity and economically inactive status, primary and secondary employment, sector of employment of enterprises, employment status by occupational category, frequency of payment in primary occupation, amount of wages and payment)

4. Unemployment (available for Availability for more work (availability or unavailability for more work, reasons, steps to find more work)

5.work, reason for economically inactive status, time spent on finding work, expected kind of work, expected daily and monthly wage, whether being registered or not with employment and welfare agency, period of registration, whether having looked for work in the last 30 days, steps taken to look for work, reason for not looking for work, duration of unemployment)

6.Activity status in the last 12 months(usual economic activity status, primary and secondary occupations in the last 12 months, employment status by occupational category, economic sector to which the employer belong, duration of unemployment, steps to find work, average wage by primary and secondary employment in the last 12 months)

7. Past employment record (past employment and occupation by industry and sector to which the employer belonged, employment status, duration of employment in last occupation, last date worked, main reason for leaving the last job, main source of income support during the period of unemployment)

8.Child activities of 5-17 ages (main types of chores performed in household, current school attendance, reasons for not attending school at full time, participation in household economic activity, age at which the child began to work, reasons for participation in economic activity, whether the child engaged in any work outside the household, whether the child satisfied with work conditions, whether the child's occupation is mentally and physically stressful, whether the child works during evenings and nights, frequency of working in evenings and nights, whether the child fell sick or was injured because of work, what sickness and injuries had, main items on which the child's earnings are spent on, the number of free hours daily available for the child).

Cleaning operations
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The data processing of LFS was organized at two levels.
i) Data editing and validation
ii) Computer processing and preparation of tabulations being undertaken centrally at the NSO.

While manual editing and coding, key entry and verification were undertaken at the provincial level. Checking the completeness of questionnaires, coding of questionnaires, range edit checks, simple consistency edits and electronic transfer of the keyed in data to the NSO were undertaken at the provincial level. The NSO computer staff were familiar with the IMPS software developed by the US Bureau of the Census and this software had been used both in population census and survey processing. Thus, LFS data entry programmes were prepared using IMPS and for range and consistency checks the CONCOR module was used.

摘要
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本调查的主要目标在于更新和拓展劳动力统计基础数据，全面捕捉并分析就业模式。调查结果将为政策制定者、企业创业者、分析师和政府官员提供重要参考，以制定和监督评估政府促进就业、减少贫困和失业的政策和项目，并支持有效劳动力市场的运行。因此，调查旨在从家庭层面收集全面数据，以估算第四季度劳动力调查+连续劳动力调查（LFS+CLS），2006-2007年的失业特征，这些特征捕捉到了季节性变化、地域、社会和经济活动，符合国际劳工组织（ILO）的定义和方法。同时，儿童活动模块将估算儿童劳动的规模、分布、特征、原因和后果，并准确统计参与儿童劳动或面临儿童劳动风险的孩子数量。该模块调查的数据将为儿童保护和消除儿童劳动的短期和长期规划提供重要参考。
地理覆盖范围
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调查在全国范围内进行，并在五个地区（西部、中部、东部、南部、乌兰巴托）具有代表性，覆盖整个蒙古国。
分析单元
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- 家庭
- 个人
总体
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不被调查统计的人群包括居住在家庭外超过6个月的人（军事服务、海外工作、服刑）。鉴于根据国际劳工组织（IPEC/ILO）的要求在调查中纳入儿童活动模块，家庭受访者的最低年龄限制设定为5岁及以上，符合国际标准。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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调查的抽样单元是家庭。2006-2007年的抽样框架是蒙古国的行政单位，抽样基于2005年的家庭、人口和工作年龄人口，以改进先前的抽样设计。根据2000年人口和住房普查，总人口为2,373,493人，家庭为541,149户，而到2006年底，这些数字分别上升至2,594,792人和632,500户。此外，人口迁移正在增加。因此，有必要根据前一年的最终数据重新设计样本。由于2000年人口和住房普查的大部分统计区域消失或显著缩小，调查不得不按照 aimag、soum 和 bag 框架进行抽样。同时，需要将部分一级抽样单元（aimag 中心的袋子和部分人口众多的城市的部分）分割成更小的部分。鉴于这一要求以及抽样单元与样本家庭的比例，样本统计区域的户数设定为12户，统计区域数为1024。
共分为29个层级，其中21个层级代表所有 aimags，8个层级来自乌兰巴托市的9个区（人口最少的两个区合并为一个层级）。一级抽样单元是乌兰巴托市 khoroos 的部分和 aimags 中的袋子，总共1024个单元，包括384个部分和640个袋子。第二次劳动力调查采用了多阶段分层抽样设计。抽样基于对总人口失业率的估计。此外，按 aimag 和城市区进行抽样分布，与工作年龄人口成比例。在一级抽样阶段，采用按规模成比例的概率抽样，在二级阶段，使用简单随机抽样程序从每个统计区域中选择12户。换句话说，调查家庭是通过子抽样方法选择的。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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当前调查进行了一份包含9章和159个问题的问卷。由于在分析第一次调查数据的过程中产生了新的需求，问卷中增加了两个章节和36个问题，以将就业（特别是儿童活动）与家庭社会和经济变量相关联，并探究就业的原因。因此，还估计了关于迁移、教育和培训以及非正式就业的数据和变量。第二次调查由于之前提到的附加数据和更广泛的样本框架，在数据估计方面优于前一次调查。
遵循调查目标，问卷被设计用于收集以下数据，按当前和通常状况进行：
1. 家庭社会和经济特征（住房类型、所有权、能源、燃料、供水、牲畜和土地财产）
2. 人口统计学特征（与户主的关系、性别、出生日期、上学情况、最高学历、识字、婚姻状况、残疾、残疾原因）
3. 过去七天的活动状态（经济和非经济活动、在这些活动上的时间花费、经济活动和经济不活跃状态、主要和次要就业、企业就业部门、按职业类别划分的就业状态、主要职业的支付频率、工资和支付金额）
4. 失业（可提供更多工作（是否可提供更多工作、原因、寻找更多工作的步骤）
5. 工作、经济不活跃状态的原因、寻找工作的花费时间、期望的工作类型、期望的日薪和月薪、是否已向就业和福利机构登记、登记期限、在过去30天内是否寻找过工作、寻找工作的步骤、未寻找工作的原因、失业期限）
6. 过去12个月的活动状态（通常经济活动状态、过去12个月的主要和次要职业、按职业类别划分的就业状态、雇主所属的经济部门、失业期限、寻找工作的步骤、过去12个月主要和次要就业的平均工资）
7. 过去的就业记录（过去就业和职业按行业和雇主所属部门划分、就业状态、上一份工作的就业期限、最后工作日期、离职的主要原因、失业期间的主要收入来源）
8. 5-17岁儿童的活动（家庭中执行的主要家务类型、当前上学情况、未全职上学的原因、参与家庭经济活动、孩子开始工作的年龄、参与经济活动的原因、孩子是否参与家庭外的任何工作、孩子是否对工作条件满意、孩子的职业是否对精神和身体造成压力、孩子是否在晚上和夜间工作、晚上和夜间工作的频率、孩子是否因工作而生病或受伤、所患疾病和受伤情况、孩子收入的主要开销项目、孩子每天可自由支配的小时数）。
数据清理操作
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劳动力调查的数据处理在两个层面进行。
i) 数据编辑和验证
ii) 计算机处理和编制表格工作由国家统计局（NSO）中央集中进行。
在省级层面进行了手动编辑和编码、关键输入和验证。在省级层面进行了检查问卷的完整性、问卷编码、范围编辑检查、简单的一致性编辑以及将键入数据电子传输到国家统计局。国家统计局的计算机工作人员熟悉美国人口普查局开发的 IMPS 软件，该软件已在人口普查和调查处理中使用。因此，使用 IMPS 准备了 LFS 数据输入程序，并使用 CONCOR 模块进行范围和一致性检查。