Source data for “Tonga volcanic eruption triggered anomalous Arctic warming in early 2022”

This is the source data for the article “Tonga volcanic eruption triggered anomalous Arctic warming in early 2022”. The climate response of Tonga volcano was simulated by the short-term climate prediction system FIO-CPS v2.0 by setting the stratospheric aerosol forcing using the easy volcanic aerosol module (EVA v1.0). Numerical experiments are conducted by FIO-CPs V2.0 with different volcanic eruptions including 0.4 TgSO2 which is the eruption of Tonga volcano, 9, 18, 27 TgSO2 which are 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 times of Pinatubo volcano eruption. The climate response after different eruptions are compared to the control run without volcanic eruption. The dataset includes the distribution of surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly and geopotential height anomaly at 50 hPa for Tonga eruption from January to April 2022, the distribution of SAT anomaly averaged in January-February-March (JFM) 2022 for four eruptions, the zonal averaged SAT anomaly from January 2022 to December 2023 for four eruptions, the zonal section of air temperature anomaly averaged in JFM 2022 for four eruptions and the geopotential height anomaly at 50 hPa averaged in JFM 2022 for four eruptions