银杏复合经营系统研究与推广

项目紧紧围绕银杏复合经营系统的生态学原理和技术，重点开展了银杏复合经营系统的分类体系，银杏复合经营系统生态学基础，银杏复合经营系统的生态和经济效应，银杏林经营和资源管理模型，以及高效银杏复合经营系统的优化和构建技术研究，成果已在生产大面积推广。 1.银杏复合经营分类系统的建立 根据实地调查，并在总结国内外林农复合态经营生态系统分类研究成果的基础上，建立了银杏复合经营生态系统的分类体系。 2.银杏复合经营系统生态学基础 （1）环境因子对银杏生长和生理的影响及种间和种内竞争机制。应用替代试验方法，研究了环境因子（光、水、肥）对银杏生理和生长的影响，以及银杏和农作物的种内和种间竞争机理 （2）小气候效应。研究了几种典型银杏复合经营系统内的湿度、温度、光照强度、土壤水分含量等的变化 （3）银杏复合经营系统养分循环规律。分析了不同银杏复合经营系统内各组成成分对氮、磷、钾、钙和镁的吸收、存留、归还以及各养分元素循环特征，开展了银杏复合系统凋落物分解规律的研究 （4）银杏复合经营系统土壤养分特征和土壤酶活性。对一些典型银杏复合经营系统土壤的理化性质、土壤酶活性，以及生物覆盖对土壤理化性质的影响进行了系统的研究 （5）银杏复合经营系统生物多样性。研究了不同银杏复合经营系统土壤微生物、土壤动物和林内昆虫的多样性特征 （6）银杏复合经营系统碳储量和碳平衡。对不同银杏复合经营系统碳储量、土壤碳循环过程及其影响因素等进行了长期研究，采用通径分析方法对银杏复合系统碳储量和碳循环影响因子进行了分析 （7）银杏复合经营系统中间作物的光合特性和目标收获物品质。对复合经营系统中间作物的光合特性和目标收获物品质进行了系统的研究，揭示了复合经营系统间作物光合特性和收获物品质的变化规律。 3.银杏复合经营系统生物生产力、土壤肥力和生态经济效益综合评价 对一些典型银杏复合经营系统的生物生产力、土壤肥力和生态经济效益进行了综合评价，从经济、生态和综合效益等不同角度筛选出了高效的复合经营系统。

This project closely focuses on the ecological principles and technologies of Ginkgo biloba agroforestry systems, with core research contents covering the classification system of such systems, their ecological basis, ecological and economic effects, models for Ginkgo forest management and resource management, as well as optimization and construction technologies for high-efficiency Ginkgo biloba agroforestry systems. The research outcomes have been widely applied in large-scale production.

1. Establishment of the Classification System for Ginkgo biloba Agroforestry Systems
Based on field investigations and a summary of domestic and international research achievements on the classification of agroforestry ecological systems, a classification system for Ginkgo biloba agroforestry ecological systems was established.

2. Ecological Basis of Ginkgo biloba Agroforestry Systems
(1) Effects of environmental factors on Ginkgo growth and physiology, as well as interspecific and intraspecific competition mechanisms. Using replacement series experiments, the effects of environmental factors (light, water, fertilizer) on Ginkgo physiology and growth, as well as the intraspecific and interspecific competition mechanisms between Ginkgo and crops were studied.
(2) Microclimate effects. Changes in humidity, temperature, light intensity, soil moisture content and other indicators within several typical Ginkgo biloba agroforestry systems were investigated.
(3) Nutrient cycling rules of Ginkgo biloba agroforestry systems. The absorption, retention, return of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium by each component in different Ginkgo biloba agroforestry systems, as well as the cycling characteristics of these nutrient elements were analyzed. Research on the decomposition rules of litter in Ginkgo biloba agroforestry systems was also conducted.
(4) Soil nutrient characteristics and soil enzyme activities of Ginkgo biloba agroforestry systems. A systematic study was carried out on the physical and chemical properties of soils, soil enzyme activities in some typical Ginkgo biloba agroforestry systems, as well as the effects of biological mulching on soil physical and chemical properties.
(5) Biodiversity of Ginkgo biloba agroforestry systems. The diversity characteristics of soil microorganisms, soil fauna and forest insects in different Ginkgo biloba agroforestry systems were studied.
(6) Carbon storage and carbon balance of Ginkgo biloba agroforestry systems. Long-term studies were conducted on carbon storage, soil carbon cycling processes and their influencing factors in different Ginkgo biloba agroforestry systems. Path analysis was adopted to analyze the influencing factors of carbon storage and carbon cycling in Ginkgo biloba agroforestry systems.
(7) Photosynthetic characteristics of intermediate crops and quality of target harvests in Ginkgo biloba agroforestry systems. A systematic study was conducted on the photosynthetic characteristics of intermediate crops and the quality of target harvests in agroforestry systems, revealing the variation rules of photosynthetic characteristics and harvest quality of intermediate crops in such systems.

3. Comprehensive Evaluation of Biological Productivity, Soil Fertility and Eco-economic Benefits of Ginkgo biloba Agroforestry Systems
A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the biological productivity, soil fertility and eco-economic benefits of some typical Ginkgo biloba agroforestry systems, and efficient agroforestry systems were screened out from different perspectives including economic, ecological and comprehensive benefits.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于银杏复合经营系统的生态学原理与技术研究，涵盖了分类体系建立、生态学基础（如环境因子影响、养分循环、生物多样性等）以及生态经济效益综合评价。数据来源于2015年的研究项目，于2019年汇交，以文本格式提供，主题涉及植物学，旨在支持银杏复合经营系统的优化与推广。