Systematic Study of the Synthesis Cross Section of Superheavy Nuclei with the Dinuclear System Model

The synthesis of superheavy nuclei is currently a frontier issue in nuclear physics. In experiments, synthesizing superheavy nuclei through heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reactions requires determination of the optimal incident energy and the maximal synthesis cross section. We conduct systematic research on reaction systems for synthesizing superheavy nuclei, employing the empirical coupled-channel model to calculate capture cross section, utilizing the dinuclear system model with a dynamical potential energy surface to compute fusion probability and applying the statistical model to determine survival probability. The excitation functions for nearly 5,000 reaction systems for synthesizing isotopes of elements 104–122 are obtained. Based on these systematic results, we establish a superheavy nuclei synthesis cross section dataset. For each reaction system, the dataset presents projectile nucleus, target nucleus, compound nucleus, synthesized superheavy nuclides in 2–5 neutron evaporation channels, optimal incident energies, and maximal evaporation residue cross sections. This dataset provides critical data support for experimentally synthesizing new superheavy nuclides and new superheavy elements.