Experimental data of sterylglucosides isolated from biodiesel tank precipitates

Introduction: This dataset compiles experimental data on the recovery of sterylglucosides from biodiesel tanks precipitates. It includes isolated compounds reported bioactivity data (ChEMBL database), purity measurements (quantitative NMR), toxicity assays on cells (Huh7) and male mice (C57BL/6). The present dataset is focused on the review of reported biological activity of each one of the three compounds isolated as mixture (beta-sitosterylglucoside:stigmasterylglucoside:campesterylglucoside in 2:1:1 ratio), followed by purity measurement of the mixture and the later toxicity of the mixture against a cell-line and mice. Methodological information: Sample origin: The biodiesel tank bottom sample was provided by UnitecBio (https://unitecbio.com.ar/) in 2015. Isolation and Purification Procedure: Two consecutive washes (hexane and methanol, respectively) were used to eliminate the biodiesel and the remaining minor components. Then, the sterylglycosides were recovered by filtration and dried until they reached a constant weight. The identity of the sterylglycosides was confirmed by proton (¹H) and carbon (¹³C) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, and also two-dimensional NMR experiments, i.e. Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY) NMR, Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) NMR, and Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC) NMR. NMR spectra were acquired on a Bruker Avance II 300 MHz (75.13 MHz) using CDCl₃ as solvent. Spectra were processed using Bruker TopSpin 4.4.1. Purity Determination: The isolated mixture was mixed with the internal standard, 4-methoxyphenol. It was then derivatized by acetylation, and ¹H NMR spectra were recorded (128 scans). NMR spectra were acquired on a Bruker Avance II 300 MHz (75.13 MHz) using CDCl3 as solvent. Spectra were processed using Bruker TopSpin 4.4.1. Reported Bioactivity Evaluation: A search for the bioactivities of the compounds in the mixture was performed in the ChEMBL35 database on June 30, 2025. The corresponding SMILES were used as input for the ChEMBL advanced search engine. Solubility tests: SGs were suspended in various solvents or solvent mixtures in screw-capped tubes. Samples were heated at 40 °C with orbital shaking (400 rpm, 5 min) using a thermomixer, then visually inspected for undissolved material. Solubility was evaluated by the Tyndall effect using a red laser. If insolubility or partial solubility was observed, additional solvent was added and the process repeated. In certain cases, ultrasonic treatment was applied (20 min, 40 °C) to improve dissolution. Toxicity assays: In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using Huh7 hepatocarcinoma cells exposed to increasing concentrations of SGs for 72 hours. For in vivo evaluation, SGs were administered orally to mice (n = 11, 2 per group, 3 for control) at 25–200 mg/kg/day for 21 days. Biochemical markers of liver function (GOT, GPT) and metabolic parameters (glucose, cholesterol, TAGs) were measured after euthanasia. All animal procedures were performed in accordance with the Regulation for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Institutional Committee for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (CICUAL) of the Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Argentina. Dataset content: This dataset's files are organized into four main folders according to the type of analysis performed. Sterylglucosides_NMR_experiments: This contains the NMR spectra that were used to determine the structure of the isolated mixture. It includes zipped files with the following spectral data: Sterylglucosides_13C_spectrum.zip Sterylglucosides_1H_spectrum.zip Sterylglucosides_COSY_spectrum.zip Sterylglucosides_HMBC_spectrum.zip Sterylglucosides_HSQC_spectrum.zip NMR spectra were acquired on a Bruker Avance II 300 MHz (75.13 MHz) using CDCl₃ as solvent. Chemical shifts (δ) were reported in ppm downfield from tetramethylsilane and coupling constants are in hertz (Hz). All NMR spectra were referenced to the residual undeuterated solvent as an internal reference. Spectra were processed using Bruker TopSpin 4.4.1. Sterylglucosides_purity_determination: This contains the NMR spectra that were used to determine the purity of the isolated mixture. It includes zipped files with the following spectral data: Entry_1_q1HRMN_spectrum.zip Entry_2_q1HRMN_spectrum.zip Entry_3_q1HRMN_spectrum.zip Signals corresponding to the aromatic protons of 4-methoxyphenyl acetate (7.1–6.9 ppm, dd, 4H) and the proton attached to C6 (5.42 ppm, m, 1H) were integrated relative to each other to determine the sample's purity. Spectra were processed using Bruker TopSpin 4.4.1. It also contains the processed data for purity determination, included in the following file: Sterylglucosides_purity_determination-1.tab Sterylglucosides_reported_activities_in_ChEMBL: This contains the results of searches for bioactivities by structure in the ChEMBL database. Each of the three structures was used as input to ChEMBL's advanced search engine (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/) “chemical search” -> “SIMILARITY>95%”. Three entries were obtained for beta-sitosterylglucoside, one for stigmasterylglucoside and none for campesterylglucoside. Each entry is presented as a separate sheet indicating the corresponding ChEMBL ID preceded by “B” for beta-sitosterylglucoside and “S” for stigmasterylglucoside in the following file: Carlucci_et_al_Sterylglucosides_activities_ChEMBL.tab Sterylglucosides_toxicity_assays: It compiles experimental toxicity data obtained through in vitro Huh7 cell assays and in vivo C57BL/6 mouse studies. The data are included in the following file: Carlucci_et_al_Sterylglucosides_toxicity_cells_mice.tab Solubility and MTT result are resumed for Acetone and DMSO vehicles in Sheet 1. Raw UV-vis data and viability percentages for MTT assays for both control and SGs are described in Sheets 2-5. Mice body weights (BW) and liver weights (LW) results are described in Sheet 6. Mice plasma and tissue metabolic assays results (raw data included) are described in Sheets 7-11 (i.e., TG & cholesterol, glycemia, GOT, GPT and WP MTP, respectively) Additionally, the results of the analysis of variance are included in the following files: Carlucci_et_al_Sterylglucosides_toxicity_cells_ANOVA.pzfx Carlucci_et_al_Sterylglucosides_toxicity_mice_ANOVA.pzfx Value of the data: The general significance of this dataset revolves around the revision of the reported biological activities of sterylglucosides and the assessment of their purity and toxicity when isolated from biodiesel tank bottom deposits. This dataset offers valuable insights for researchers working in the fields of natural product chemistry, toxicology, and bioactivity profiling by providing experimental evidence that highlights the non-toxic behavior of a sterylglucoside mixture in both in vitro (Huh7 cells) and in vivo (C57BL/6 mice) models. The biological activities of β-sitosterylglucoside, stigmasterylglucoside, and campesterylglucoside were systematically re-evaluated based on existing data. The purity and structural integrity of the isolated sterylglucosides were confirmed. Toxicity assessments indicated no significant adverse effects in human liver cells or mice. Solubility profiles in different solvents were established to support future applications. Structural identification was consistent with previously reported NMR data. This dataset may be particularly valuable for studies involving sterylglucosides derived from industrial waste sources, contributing to the evaluation of their safety profiles and potential applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. Data quality: Experiments were carried out with replicates (n = 3 or 2). For the controls of the in vitro and in vivo experiments, solvents were used as vehicles in the absence of sterylglucosides.