Lijphart Elections Archive: Lijphart Country Catalog: Japan

The Lijphart Elections Archive is a static research collection of district level election results for approximately 350 national legislative elections in 26 countries that was maintained through 2003. When Arend Lijphart began his comparative study of electoral systems in the early 1980s, he discovered that no library anywhere in the world had a collection of the detailed statistics of national elections in democratic countries -- although such statistics were being collected by many government and non-government agencies and, at least in principle, obtainable from these agencies. This was the origin of the Elections Archive in the University Library of the University of Calif ornia, San Diego. The objective of the Archive is to systematically collect election statistics in as much detail as possible, including, as a minimum, the results at the level of the individual election districts in which votes are converted into seats. The original scope of the Archive was the national election results in hard-copy format for the lower or only house of the legislature and for any directly elected upper house in the twenty-seven older democracies from 1945 on (the West European democracies plus the United States, Canada, Costa Rica, India, Israel, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand). The scope has expanded in several directions: more countries, a longer time span, sub-national as well as national elections, and d ata in machine-readable format. Arend Lijphart is Research Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. He is the author of Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Comparative Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945-1990 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994) and many articles on elections and electoral systems in Electoral Studies and other journals. The Archive Director is Gary W. Cox, Department of Political Science, University of Califor nia, San Diego.

利普哈特选举档案库（Lijphart Elections Archive）是一份静态研究馆藏，收录了26个国家共约350场全国性立法选举的选区级选举结果，馆藏维护至2003年。1980年代初，阿伦·利普哈特（Arend Lijphart）启动选举制度比较研究时，发现全球范围内尚无一家图书馆收录民主国家全国选举的详细统计数据——尽管诸多政府与非政府机构均已收集此类统计资料，且原则上可从这些机构获取。这便是加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校（University of California, San Diego）图书馆选举档案库的起源。该档案库的目标是系统性地尽可能详尽地收集选举统计数据，最低标准需涵盖选票转化为席位的单个选区的选举结果。档案库最初的收录范围为1945年以来27个老牌民主国家（西欧民主国家外加美国、加拿大、哥斯达黎加、印度、以色列、日本、澳大利亚与新西兰）的议会下院（或唯一院）及直选参议院的纸质版全国选举结果。如今其收录范围已从多个维度拓展：覆盖更多国家、时间跨度更长，涵盖地方选举与全国性选举，且新增机器可读格式的数据。阿伦·利普哈特现为加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校政治学荣休研究教授，其代表作包括《选举制度与政党制度：1945-1990年27个民主国家的比较研究（Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Comparative Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945-1990）》（牛津大学出版社，1994年出版），以及发表于《选举研究（Electoral Studies）》等期刊的多篇选举与选举制度相关学术论文。该档案库现任负责人为加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校政治学系的加里·W·考克斯（Gary W. Cox）。