Supplementary files for S-scheme NaxCoO2/g-C3N4 heterojunction photo-electrocatalysts for water splitting
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Article abstract:<br>Enabling a highly efficient charge separation on hetero-structural photo-electrocatalyst is crucial to achieve a high efficiency of water splitting technology for sustainable green hydrogen production. Herein, novel S-scheme hetero-structural materials, Na<sub><em>x</em></sub>CoO<sub>2</sub>/<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.5, 0.6, and 0.74), have been employed as photo-electrocatalysts for water splitting reaction. Their corresponding overpotential values under irradiation condition with the current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> were about 590 mV (<i>x</i> = 0.74), 555 mV (<i>x</i> = 0.6) and 710 mV (<i>x</i> = 0.5), respectively. Compared to the dark condition, Na<sub><em>x</em></sub>CoO<sub>2</sub>/<i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> exhibited lower overpotentials. XPS and in-situ KPFM results further confirmed that an interfacial electric field was formed at the interface of Na<sub><em>x</em></sub>CoO<sub>2</sub> and <i>g</i>-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. Under the irradiation condition, the electrons from the conduction band of NCO flow toward to the valence band of CN to form S-scheme heterostructure, which could highly accelerate the reducing capability of CN, hence splitting water to produce hydrogen gas.
