林木种质资源收集、保存与利用研究

J-202-2-06 该项成果历经“七五”立项、调研和论证，“八五”至“十五”国家攻关，1999至2002年国家基础性工作研究，前后耗时19年，包括二十多个省的360名科技人员参加该项研究工作，直接从研99人。围绕林木种质资源的收集、保存、测定、评价与利用相结合的宗旨，研究创建了我国的林木种质资源保存技术研究体系与保存库体系。　　项目首次建成了跨越5个气候带国家林木种质资源保存库体系。包括林木种质资源保存基本库11个，区域保存库13个（含86个林木良种基地），扩展保存库4个，小型低温保存库1座。覆盖21个省（市、区），代表当前主要造林树种现行利用的种质资源约60％左右。通过异地、原地和设备保存相结合的优化配置，共收集保存308个树种50698份种质资源，其中，列入国家保护的珍稀、濒危重点树种106个，抢救保存种质资源11040份。　　创新研究林木遗传多样性评价理论技术，运用遗传多样性及群体遗传学理论，研制林木种质资源界定，分层分类整理整合、归类描述、保存和维护，规范抽样样本容量组合、数据采集及数据库技术等实用配套组合技术，创建了国家林木种质资源保存技术体系。创新研究出“11套保存模式”，以及散生濒危树种“聚群保存”模型。成果水平被鉴定为“整体国际先进，部分国际领先”。

J-202-2-06 This achievement was initiated, researched, and demonstrated during the 7th Five-Year Plan period, supported by national key research projects during the 8th to 10th Five-Year Plan periods, and carried out as national basic research projects from 1999 to 2002, taking a total of 19 years to complete. A total of 360 scientific and technological personnel from more than 20 provinces participated in the research, among whom 99 were core researchers. Guided by the principle of integrating collection, conservation, evaluation and utilization of forest tree germplasm resources, the project established the technical research system and repository system for forest tree germplasm conservation in China.

This project was the first to build a national forest tree germplasm resource conservation repository system spanning 5 climatic zones. The system consists of 11 basic forest tree germplasm resource conservation repositories, 13 regional conservation repositories (including 86 improved forest tree seed orchards), 4 extended conservation repositories, and 1 small-scale low-temperature conservation repository. Covering 21 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, the system preserves approximately 60% of the currently utilized germplasm resources of major afforestation tree species. Through the optimized allocation of ex-situ, in-situ and facility-based conservation, a total of 50,698 germplasm accessions of 308 tree species have been collected and conserved, including 106 nationally protected rare and endangered key tree species, with 11,040 germplasm accessions rescued and conserved.

The project innovatively studied the theoretical and technical systems for evaluating forest tree genetic diversity. Adopting the theories of genetic diversity and population genetics, it developed a set of practical supporting combined technologies, including the definition of forest tree germplasm resources, hierarchical classification, sorting, integration, standardized description, conservation and maintenance, as well as standardized sampling sample size combinations, data collection and database technologies, thus establishing the national forest tree germplasm conservation technical system. It also innovatively developed "11 sets of conservation models" and the "clustered conservation" model for scattered endangered tree species. The achievement was appraised as "reaching international advanced level overall and internationally leading level in certain aspects".

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集总结了'林木种质资源收集、保存与利用研究'项目的成果，历时19年，建成了覆盖5个气候带、21个省（市、区）的国家林木种质资源保存库体系，包括11个基本库和13个区域保存库，共收集保存308个树种50698份种质资源，其中珍稀、濒危树种106个。研究创新了林木遗传多样性评价理论技术和保存模式，成果整体达到国际先进水平，部分国际领先，数据以文本格式提供，涉及植物学领域，完全公开可线上共享。