"MUHAMMAD RIZO OGAHI'S SKILLFUL USE OF THE ART OF ISHTIQOQ: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON RIYOZU-D-DAVLA"

This article analyzes Muhammad Rizo Ogahi’s mastery in the use of the rhetorical device of ishtiqoq in his work Riyozu-d-Davla. The study examines the theoretical foundations of ishtiqoq in classical poetics on the basis of Eastern rhetoric (balāgha) and lexicographical sources. The artistic, aesthetic, and ideological functions of cognate words employed in the work are explored and evaluated. The findings reveal that, in Riyozu-d-Davla, the art of ishtiqoq serves not merely as a stylistic ornament but also as an important literary device through which the author expresses his historical and philosophical views.