Health and Retirement Study (HRS)

The University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a longitudinal panel study that surveys a representative sample of approximately 20,000 people in America, supported by the National Institute on Aging and the Social Security Administration. The HRS aims to provide multidisciplinary data that researchers can use to address important questions about the challenges and opportunities of aging. The HRS includes the "original" HRS and the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest-Old (AHEAD) study. These studies were merged in 1998 and now represent the United States population over age 50. Two new cohorts were added in 1998: the Children of the Depression (born 1924-1930) and the War Babies (1942-1947). A fourth cohort, the Early Baby Boomers (1948-1953), was added in 2004; a fifth cohort, the Mid Baby Boomers (1954-1959), was added in 2010; and in 2016, the Late Baby Boomers cohort (1960-1965) became the sixth. Questionnaire topics include physical and cognitive functioning, retirement plans, family structure and transfers, demographic characteristics, housing, employment status, income, disability, health insurance, pension plans, job history, and attitudes, preferences, and expectations for the future. The survey data are linked with administrative records from the Employer Pension Study (1993 and 1999), National Death Index, Social Security Administration earnings and projected benefits data and W-2 self-employment data, and Medicare files.

密歇根大学健康与退休研究（HRS）是一项纵向面板调查，对大约20,000名美国代表性样本进行调研，该项目由美国国家老龄化研究所和社会保障局共同支持。HRS旨在提供跨学科数据，供研究者运用以探讨老龄化过程中的挑战与机遇。HRS涵盖了“原始”HRS以及“最年长者的资产与健康动态”（AHEAD）研究。这两项研究于1998年合并，现代表了美国50岁以上的总人口。1998年新增了两代人：大萧条时期出生的一代人（1924-1930）和战争婴儿一代（1942-1947）。2004年，又增加了第四代人：早期婴儿潮一代（1948-1953）；2010年，增加了第五代人：中期婴儿潮一代（1954-1959）；2016年，晚期婴儿潮一代（1960-1965）成为第六代人。调查主题包括身体和认知功能、退休计划、家庭结构及转移、人口统计学特征、住房、就业状况、收入、残疾、医疗保险、养老金计划、工作历史以及对于未来的态度、偏好和期望。调查数据与雇主养老金研究（1993年和1999年）、国家死亡指数、社会保障局收入及预计福利数据、W-2自雇数据以及医疗保险档案相链接。