Time-series dataset of non-invasive IoT measurements in Apis mellifera colonies: fondant feeding during mild winters and early springs (2018–2020; Ukraine & Canada)

The dataset contains time-series of non-invasive measurements of internal/external temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), and hive weight (kg) to support analysis of the thermal response of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies to fondant feeding under mild-winter and early-spring conditions. Locations and periods (UTC): Ukraine, Kyiv (2018-09-01 – 2019-04-30); Canada, Toronto (2020-02-01 – 2020-05-31). Measurements were taken in AmoHive hives (Langstroth, 10-frame) with a homogeneous sampling rate across parameters; timestamps are in UTC. Record contents: raw and clean tables (CSV + XLSX) organized by hive and period; an events/annotations file; a variable dictionary (data_dictionary_master.xlsx); method notes for cleaning and gap filling (methods_*.md); and a figure-reproduction script (generates two summary visualizations from the clean tables). Main variables: temp1 (internal temperature), temp2 (external temperature), humid1 (internal RH), humid2 (external RH), weight (units specified in the dictionary). See the variable dictionary for detailed descriptions. The dataset is intended for reproducible research on bee overwintering under mild-winter and early-spring conditions, anomaly analysis, and the development of predictive models. Data license: CC BY 4.0 (please cite the DOI of this record). Code license: MIT (for scripts included in the record).