Census of Jails, 2019

To reduce respondent burden for the 2019 collection, the Census of Jails was combined with the Deaths in Custody Reporting Program (DCRP). The census provides the sampling frame for the nationwide Survey of Inmates in Local Jails (SILJ) and the Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ). Previous jail enumerations were conducted in 1970 (ICPSR 7641), 1972 (ICPSR 7638), 1978 (ICPSR 7737), 1983 (ICPSR 8203), 1988 (ICPSR 9256), 1993 (ICPSR 6648), 1999 (ICPSR 3318), 2005 (ICPSR 20367), 2006 (ICPSR 26602), and 2013 (ICPSR 36128). The RTI International collected the data for the Bureau of Justice Statistics in 2013 and 2019. The United States Census Bureau was the collection agent from 1970-2006. The 2019 Census of Jails gathered data from all jail detention facilities holding inmates beyond arraignment, a period normally exceeding 72 hours. Jail facilities were operated by cities and counties, by private entities under contract to correctional authorities, and by the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP). Excluded from the census were physically separate temporary holding facilities such as drunk tanks and police lockups that do not hold persons after being formally charged in court. Also excluded were state-operated facilities in Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Alaska, which have combined jail-prison systems. Fifteen independently operated jails in Alaska were included in the Census. The 2019 census collected information on the number of confined inmates, number of persons supervised outside jail, number of inmates participating in weekend programs, number of confined non-U.S. citizens, number of inmates by sex and adult or juvenile status, number of juveniles held as adults, number of inmates who were parole or probation violators, number of inmates by conviction status, number of inmates by felony or misdemeanor status, number of inmates held by race or Hispanic origin, number of inmates held for other jurisdictions or authorities, average daily population, rated capacity, admissions and releases, number of staff employed by local jails, facility functions, and number of jails under court orders and consent decrees. The 2019 census also included a module to collect data on the effects of the opioid epidemic on local jails and jail responses to the epidemic. Items included: Jail practices on opioid use disorder testing, screening, and treatment. Number of local jail admissions screened during June 2019. Number of positive screens. Number of admissions treated for opioid use disorder. Number of jail inmates treated for opioid withdrawal at midyear 2019.

为减轻2019年数据收集过程中受访者的负担，监狱普查与在押人员死亡报告计划（DCRP）相结合。该普查为全国地方监狱在押人员调查（SILJ）和监狱年度调查（ASJ）提供了抽样框架。此前，监狱普查分别于1970年（ICPSR 7641）、1972年（ICPSR 7638）、1978年（ICPSR 7737）、1983年（ICPSR 8203）、1988年（ICPSR 9256）、1993年（ICPSR 6648）、1999年（ICPSR 3318）、2005年（ICPSR 20367）、2006年（ICPSR 26602）和2013年（ICPSR 36128）进行。2013年和2019年，数据由RTI国际公司收集，供司法统计局使用。1970年至2006年间，美国人口普查局担任数据收集代理。2019年监狱普查涵盖了所有在审判前超期羁押的拘留设施，这一期限通常超过72小时。监狱设施由城市和县、与矫正当局签订合同的私营实体以及联邦监狱管理局（BOP）运营。普查中未包括如醉酒拘留所和警察拘留所等物理上独立的临时拘留设施，这些设施在正式被法庭起诉后不再羁押人员。此外，康涅狄格州、特拉华州、夏威夷州、罗德岛州、佛蒙特州和阿拉斯加州运营的州立设施也被排除在外，因为这些州拥有合并的监狱-监狱系统。阿拉斯加的15个独立运营的监狱被纳入普查。2019年普查收集了以下信息：被羁押在押人员数量、狱外监督人员数量、参与周末计划的在押人员数量、被羁押的非美国公民数量、按性别和成年或未成年状态分列的在押人员数量、被作为成年人羁押的未成年人数量、违反假释或缓刑的在押人员数量、按定罪状态分列的在押人员数量、按重罪或轻罪状态分列的在押人员数量、按种族或西班牙裔血统分列的羁押在押人员数量、为其他司法管辖区或当局羁押的在押人员数量、平均每日在押人员数量、额定容量、接纳和释放人数、由地方监狱雇佣的员工数量、设施功能以及受法院命令和和解协议约束的监狱数量。2019年普查还包括一个模块，用于收集关于阿片类药物流行对地方监狱的影响以及监狱对流行病的应对措施的数据。包括以下内容：对阿片类药物使用障碍的检测、筛查和治疗方面的监狱实践。2019年6月筛查的当地监狱接纳人数。阳性筛查人数。治疗阿片类药物使用障碍的接纳人数。2019年年中治疗阿片类药物戒断症状的在押人员数量。