Oat anthranilamides regulates high-fat diet-induced intestinal inflammation by the TLR4/NF-κb signalling pathway and gut microbiota

Oat anthranilamides have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; however, the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of oat anthranilamide B (AVN B) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced intestinal inflammation in mice and its underlying mechanisms. The results indicated that AVN B supplementation mitigated weight gain and reduced inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in serum, liver, and intestines. It improved intestinal barrier dysfunction by upregulating the expression levels of Occludin and MUC2 while simultaneously reducing intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway. Additionally, AVN B treatment improved gut microbiota composition. It increased the abundance of beneficial flora and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially propionate and butyrate, associated with reduced production of pro-inflammatory factors and enhanced intestinal protection. The findings provide scientific evidence for the potential of AVN B as an anti-inflammatory agent. Oat AVN B reduces body weight gain and inflammation levels in HFD-fed miceAVN B protects the intestinal barrier and inhibits intestinal inflammationAVN B inhibits TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway in the ileum of HFD-induced miceAVN B improves gut microbial imbalance in HFD-induced miceAVN B increases butyrate and propionic acid by promoting SCFA-producing bacteria Oat AVN B reduces body weight gain and inflammation levels in HFD-fed mice AVN B protects the intestinal barrier and inhibits intestinal inflammation AVN B inhibits TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway in the ileum of HFD-induced mice AVN B improves gut microbial imbalance in HFD-induced mice AVN B increases butyrate and propionic acid by promoting SCFA-producing bacteria