Parkinson's Disease Handwriting Database (PaHaW)

The Parkinson's Disease Handwriting Database (PaHaW) consists of multiple handwriting samples from 37 parkinsonian patients (19 men/18 women) and 38 gender and age-matched healthy controls (20 men/18 women). The database was acquired in cooperation with the Movement Disorders Center at the First Department of Neurology, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic.Each subject was asked to complete a handwriting/drawing protocol according to the prepared filled template at a comfortable speed. The protocol contains an Archimedean spiral, a grapheme, several words and a sentence. The completed template was shown to the subjects; no restrictions about the number of repetitions of syllables/words in tasks or their height were given.A tablet was overlaid with an empty paper template (containing only printed lines and a square box specifying area for the Archimedean spiral), and a conventional ink pen was held in a normal fashion, allowing for immediate full visual feedback. The signals were recorded using the Intuos 4M (Wacom technology) digitizing tablet with 133 Hz sampling frequency.Digitized signals were acquired during the movements executed while exerting pressure on the writing surface and during the movement above the writing surface. We denote these signals as on-surface movement and in-air movement, respectively. The perpendicular pressure exerted on the tablet surface was also recorded. The recordings started when the pen touched the surface of the digitizer and finished when the task was completed. The tablet captured the following signals (time series): x-coordinate; y-coordinate; timestamp; button status; pressure; tilt; and elevation. Button status is a binary variable, being 0 for pen-up state (in-air movement) and 1 for pen-down state (on-surface movement).

帕金森病手写数据库（PaHaW）由来自37位帕金森病患者（其中男性19名，女性18名）及38名性别和年龄匹配的健康对照者（男性20名，女性18名）的多份手写样本构成。该数据库的收集是在与捷克共和国布尔诺第一神经科系马萨里克大学运动障碍中心和圣安娜大学医院的合作下进行的。每位受试者均被要求按照预先准备的填写模板，以舒适的速率完成手写/绘画协议。该协议包含阿基米德螺旋、一个图形、若干词汇及一句句子。完成的模板被展示给受试者；在任务中对于音节/词汇重复次数或其高度的限定未作规定。一个空白的纸质模板（仅包含印刷线条和一个指定阿基米德螺旋区域的正方形框）覆盖在平板上，并使用常规的墨水笔以正常方式书写，允许即时完整的视觉反馈。信号使用Intuos 4M（Wacom技术）数字化平板以133 Hz的采样频率进行记录。在施加压力于书写表面的运动过程中以及在其上方运动的过程中，采集了数字化信号。我们分别将这些信号称为表面运动和空中运动。对平板表面施加的垂直压力也被记录。记录开始于笔触数字化板表面时，结束于任务完成时。平板捕捉了以下信号（时间序列）：x坐标；y坐标；时间戳；按钮状态；压力；倾斜；及高度。按钮状态是一个二进制变量，笔抬起状态（空中运动）为0，笔放下状态（表面运动）为1。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是帕金森病笔迹数据库（PaHaW），包含37名帕金森病患者和38名对照组的笔迹样本，用于研究笔迹特征与疾病关联。数据通过数字化平板采集，记录坐标、压力、时间戳等动态特征，并区分表面和空中移动，支持帕金森病的早期诊断和监测研究。