Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects.

Abbreviations: SC, schizophrenia patients; HC, healthy controls; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; VIQ, estimated verbal IQ obtained from the vocabulary subtask in the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) by transforming age-corrected scores into T-scores; PIQ, estimated performance IQ obtained from the block design subtask in the WAIS-R by transforming age-corrected scores into T-scores; QLS = The Quality of Life Scale; SQLS = Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale. a Haloperidol equivalent was calculated according to Inagaki and Inada [32] * two-sample t-test (p < 0.05). Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects.