下载链接：

https://zenodo.org/record/14891291

下载链接

链接失效反馈

官方服务：

资源简介：

The temperatures are derived from the rotational vibrational transition of the OH molecule originating from a thin layer in approximately 86-87 km centroid height. The spectra have been obtained with largely the Ground-based Infrared P-branch Spectrometers (GRIPS) located at the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research, ALOMAR (ALR, 69.28°N, 16.01°E; GRIPS 9), at the University of Wuppertal (WUP, 51.25°N, 7.15°E; GRIPS 17), at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP, 43.93°N, 5.71°E; GRIPS 12), at the Environmental Research Station “Schneefernerhaus” (UFS: 47.42°N, 10.98°E, GRIPS 7 and GRIPS 8) and at Catania (CAT, 37.51°N, 15.04°E, GRIPS 11). The instruments are operated by the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD) of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in close cooperation with representatives from the above-mentioned observatories. All sites are part of the international Network for the Detection of Mesospheric Change (NDMC). The data set covers the time period 40 nights prior and after the onsets of the Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSW) in 2010 (9th Feb), 2013 (7th Jan), 2018 (12th Feb), 2019 (2nd Jan), 2021 (5th Jan) and 2023 (16th Feb). It is used in a study of SSW by Harvey et al. ("Signatures of Polar Vortex Weakening in the MLTI: A Review", submitted to Surveys in Geophysics in 2025). The wavelength range covered by the instruments allows the observation of the OH(3-1) Q- and P-branches as well as of the OH(4-2) R- and Q-branches. Rotational temperatures are calculated using OH(3-1) P-branch emissions between 1520 nm and 1550 nm. During routine operation one spectrum is obtained every 15s, originating from a field of view of approximately 15° x 15°, which corresponds to ca. 560 km² in 87 km height (2° x 2° in case of GRIPS 11 and GRIPS 17, corresponding to ca. 20 km² in 87 km height). All GRIPS are equipped with a Czerny-Turner spectrograph and a thermoelectrically cooled InGaAs array. Only the P1(2), P1(3) and P1(4) rotational lines of the (3-1) vibrational transition are used for the derivation of temperatures. Intensities are only read out at the line centers of the smoothed spectra due to residual overlapping of the lines at their wings. Important physical constants applied during the processing are taken from Mies (1974) (Einstein coefficients) and Krassovsky et al. (1962) (rotational term values). For the estimation of a nocturnal mean (individual time series) value all samples of the nightly temperature time series are weighted according to their individual precision. Thus, mean temperatures are between 1 and 2 K lower compared to the unweighted arithmetic mean (cloud covered periods are excluded from analysis; insufficient removal however will result in low precision values with a warm bias due to spectral characteristics of water / ice droplets). Data from an instrument are regarded only if its effective observation amounts to at least 2 h. Other dates are flagged with “NaN”, i.e. missing value. Further details concerning the derivation of rotational temperatures from the airglow are presented in Schmidt, C., Höppner, K. and Bittner, M. (2013): A ground-based spectrometer equipped with an InGaAs array for routine observations of OH(3-1) rotational temperatures in the mesopause region. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics (JASTP) 102 (2013) 125–139. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.05.001. Exemplary information on the long-term performance for the NDMC reference site UFS are given in Schmidt, C., Küchelbacher, L., Wüst, S. and Bittner, M. (2023): OH airglow observations with two identical spectrometers: benefits of increased data homogeneity in the identification of variations induced by the 11-year solar cycle, the QBO, and other factors. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT), Vol. 16, 19, 4331-4356. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4331-2023. The following table describes the content of the ASCII-file containing the data (separator between two columns is “two blanks” aka “ ” aka ”2X”). Column parameter unit Format description Site 1 date Days I3 ±40 nights around SSW onset n.a. 2 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2009/2010 ALR 3 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2012/2013 ALR 4 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2017/2018 ALR 5 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2018/2019 ALR 6 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2020/2021 ALR 7 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2022/2023 ALR 8 temperature Kelvin F5.1 mean of all seasons ALR 9 temperature Kelvin F5.1 smoothed mean of all seasons ALR 10 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2009/2010 WUP 11 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2012/2013 WUP 12 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2017/2018 WUP 13 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2018/2019 WUP 14 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2020/2021 WUP 15 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2022/2023 WUP 16 temperature Kelvin F5.1 mean of all seasons WUP 17 temperature Kelvin F5.1 smoothed mean of all seasons WUP 18 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2009/2010 UFS 19 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2012/2013 UFS 20 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2017/2018 UFS 21 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2018/2019 UFS 22 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2020/2021 UFS 23 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2022/2023 UFS 24 temperature Kelvin F5.1 mean of all seasons UFS 25 temperature Kelvin F5.1 smoothed mean of all seasons UFS 26 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2009/2010 OHP 27 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2012/2013 OHP 28 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2017/2018 OHP 29 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2018/2019 OHP 30 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2020/2021 OHP 31 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2022/2023 OHP 32 temperature Kelvin F5.1 mean of all seasons OHP 33 temperature Kelvin F5.1 smoothed mean of all seasons OHP 34 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2009/2010 CAT 35 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2012/2013 CAT 36 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2017/2018 CAT 37 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2018/2019 CAT 38 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2020/2021 CAT 39 temperature Kelvin F5.1 2022/2023 CAT 40 temperature Kelvin F5.1 mean of all seasons CAT 41 temperature Kelvin F5.1 smoothed mean of all seasons CAT

应用场景：

Nocturnal means of OH(3-1) airglow rotational temperatures from the mesopause region obtained during Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSW) at different sites in Europe between 2009 and 2023