Data of characteristics related to morphology, components and wettablity of the epidermis of a butterfly species （2）

A comprehensive investigation was conducted to characterize the epidermal features of third-to-fifth instar Papilio polytes larvae, with systematic analysis encompassing three types of critical features: ultrastructural, chemical composition, and surface wettability. Morphometric evaluation was performed through high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to quantify ultrastructural details of the larval epidermis. Compositional profiling was achieved using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the mid-infrared range (4000-400 cm⁻¹), enabling precise identification of chemical functional groups. Hydrophobic properties were quantitatively assessed through contact angle measurements employing the sessile drop method.