Lean Prefabrication through Mixed Reality (MR) based Approach to Reduce Production Uncertainty

Prefabrication is widely recognised for improving productivity, quality, and sustainability in construction, yet current workflows continue to face delays, rework, and high embodied carbon emissions. This thesis investigates the integration of Mixed Reality (MR) technologies to support lean prefabrication and reduce production uncertainty. MR-based tools were developed for scheduling, dimensional quality assurance, and sustainability assessment, combining simulations, process improvement, and life cycle analysis methods. The findings demonstrate improved predictability, reduced defects, and significant reductions in environmental impacts, including embodied carbon. Overall, the research establishes MR as a transformative enabler of leaner, more efficient, and sustainable prefabricated construction practices.