In depth analysis reveals promotion of human macrophage polarization towards a proinflammatory M1 phenotype by TRAIL

The study aimed to investigate the impact of TRAIL on primary human M1, M2a and M2c macrophage polarization. Primary human monocyte-derived macrophages were pre-stimulated with TRAIL and then either left unpolarized (M0) or polarized into M1, M2a, or M2c phenotypes Then, RNA sequencing analysis was performed in 4 healthy donors including treated and control groups for one time point to analyze the differentially expressed M1 and M2 markers in TRAIL treated vs control groups. Differentially expressed genes in TRAIL treated M0 (unpolarized) and then M1, M2a and M2c polarized macrophages vs control group macrophages including M0 and only M1, M2a and M2c polarized macrophages was analyzed.