Optimising Urban Measurement Networks for CO2 Flux Estimation: A High-Resolution Observing System Simulation Experiment using GRAMM/GRAL [data]

The data set contains CO2 concentration fields at 2m height above ground in Heidelberg, Germany as simulated by the model GRAMM (v19.1)/GRAL(v.19.1). It can be used as input for Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE). The model GRAMM and a link to its documentation can be found here: https://github.com/GralDispersionModel/GRAMM The model GRAL and a link to the documentation can be found here: https://github.com/GralDispersionModel/GRAL GRAL uses the GRAMM wind fields as mesoscale input and refines the wind fields to a higher resolution taking into account the flow around buildings. The GRAL domain size is 12.3km x12.3km with 10m x 10m horizontal resolution and 2m vertical resolution. A Lagrangian particle simulation is performed to obtain the hourly steady state particle distribution from emissions, which is used to compute the concentration field.