The time reliable effect of Probiotic Clostridium butyricum on the gut microbiota of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)

C. butyricum addition increased probiotic bacteria (including Lactobacillales), decreased pathogenic bacteria (including Enterobacterales, Burkholderiales, and Fusobacteriales), and reduced bacterial virulence processes (including quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and bacterial secretion systems) of gut microbiota in L. maculatus.