Data_Sheet_4_Leisure Activities and Their Relationship With MRI Measures of Brain Structure, Functional Connectivity, and Cognition in the UK Biobank Cohort.xlsx

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate whether engagement in leisure activities is linked to measures of brain structure, functional connectivity, and cognition in early old age.Methods: We examined data collected from 7,152 participants of the United Kingdom Biobank (UK Biobank) study. Weekly participation in six leisure activities was assessed twice and a cognitive battery and 3T MRI brain scan were administered at the second visit. Based on responses collected at two time points, individuals were split into one of four trajectory groups: (1) stable low engagement, (2) stable weekly engagement, (3) low to weekly engagement, and (4) weekly to low engagement.Results: Consistent weekly attendance at a sports club or gym was associated with connectivity of the sensorimotor functional network with the lateral visual (β = 0.12, 95%CI = [0.07, 0.18], FDR q = 2.48 × 10–3) and cerebellar (β = 0.12, 95%CI = [0.07, 0.18], FDR q = 1.23 × 10–4) networks. Visiting friends and family across the two timepoints was also associated with larger volumes of the occipital lobe (β = 0.15, 95%CI = [0.08, 0.21], FDR q = 0.03). Additionally, stable and weekly computer use was associated with global cognition (β = 0.62, 95%CI = [0.35, 0.89], FDR q = 1.16 × 10–4). No other associations were significant (FDR q > 0.05).Discussion: This study demonstrates that not all leisure activities contribute to cognitive health equally, nor is there one unifying neural signature across diverse leisure activities.

引言：本研究旨在评估参与休闲活动是否与早期老年阶段的脑结构、功能连接和认知指标相关。方法：我们分析了来自英国生物样本库（UK Biobank）研究的7,152名参与者的数据。对六项休闲活动的每周参与度进行了两次评估，并在第二次访问时进行了认知测试和3T MRI脑部扫描。基于两次时间点的响应，个体被划分为四个轨迹组之一：（1）稳定的低参与度，（2）稳定的每周参与度，（3）从低到每周参与度，以及（4）从每周到低参与度。结果：持续每周参加体育俱乐部或健身房与感觉运动功能网络与外侧视觉（β = 0.12，95%CI = [0.07, 0.18]，FDR q = 2.48 × 10–3）和脑干（β = 0.12，95%CI = [0.07, 0.18]，FDR q = 1.23 × 10–4）网络的连接相关。在两个时间点拜访亲友也与枕叶体积的增加（β = 0.15，95%CI = [0.08, 0.21]，FDR q = 0.03）相关。此外，稳定和每周使用电脑与全局认知（β = 0.62，95%CI = [0.35, 0.89]，FDR q = 1.16 × 10–4）相关。其他关联均不显著（FDR q > 0.05）。讨论：本研究表明，并非所有休闲活动对认知健康的贡献均等，且在多样化的休闲活动中，亦不存在统一的神经特征。