Management, Organization and Innovation Survey 2009 - Bulgaria

Abstract
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The study was conducted in Bulgaria between October 2008 and January 2009 as part of the first round of The Management, Organization and Innovation Survey. Data from 154 manufacturing companies with 50 to 5,000 full-time employees was analyzed.

The survey topics include detailed information about a company and its management practices - production performance indicators, production target, ways employees are promoted/dealt with when underperforming. The study also focuses on organizational matters, innovation, spending on research and development, production outsourcing to other countries, competition, and workforce composition.

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment is defined as a separate production unit, regardless of whether or not it has its own financial statements separate from those of the firm, and whether it has it own management and control over payroll. So the bottling plant of a brewery would be counted as an establishment.

Universe
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The survey universe was defined as manufacturing establishments with at least fifty, but less than 5,000, full-time employees.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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Random sampling was used in the study. For all MOI countries, except Russia, there was a requirement that all regions must be covered and that the percentage of the sample in each region was required to be equal to at least one half of the percentage of the sample frame population in each region.

In most countries the sample frame used was an extract from the Orbis database of Bureau van Dijk, which was provided to the Consultant by the EBRD. The sample frame contained details of company names, location, company size (number of employees), company performance measures and contact details. The sample frame downloaded from Orbis was cleaned by the EBRD through the addition of regional variables, updating addresses and phone numbers of companies.

Examination of the Orbis sample frames showed their geographic distributions to be wide with many locations, a large number of which had only a small number of records. Each establishment was selected with two substitutes that can be used if it proves impossible to conduct an interview at the first establishment. In practice selection was confined to locations with the most records in the sample frame, so the sample frame was filtered to just the cities with the most establishments.

The quality of the frame was assessed at the onset of the project. The frame proved to be useful though it showed positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc. These problems are typical of establishment surveys. For Belarus, the percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of contacts to complete the survey was 4.2% (21 out of 499 establishments).

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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Two different versions of the questionnaire were used. Questionnaire A was used when interviewing establishments that are part of multiestablishment firms, while Questionnaire B was used when interviewing single-establishment firms. Questionnaire A incorporates all questions from Questionnaire B, the only difference is in the reference point, which is the so-called national firm in the first part of Questionnaire A and firm in Questionnaire B. Second part of the questionnaire refers to the interviewed establishment only in both Questionnaire A and Questionnaire B. Each variation of the questionnaire is identified by the index variable, a0.

Response rate
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Item non-response was addressed by two strategies:
- For sensitive questions that may generate negative reactions from the respondent, such as ownership information, enumerators were instructed to collect the refusal to respond as (-8).
- Establishments with incomplete information were re-contacted in order to complete this information, whenever necessary. However, there were clear cases of low response.

Survey non-response was addressed by maximising efforts to contact establishments that were initially selected for interviews. Up to 15 attempts (but at least 4 attempts) were made to contact an establishment for interview at different times/days of the week before a replacement establishment (with similar characteristics) was suggested for interview. Survey non-response did occur, but substitutions were made in order to potentially achieve the goals.

Additional information about sampling, response rates and survey implementation can be found in "MOI Survey Report on Methodology and Observations 2009" in "Technical Documents" folder.

摘要
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本研究于2008年10月至2009年1月间在保加利亚进行，作为《管理、组织与创新调查》首轮调查的一部分。对拥有50至5,000名全职员工的154家制造企业的数据进行了一项分析。
调查主题包括关于公司及其管理实践的详细信息——生产绩效指标、生产目标、员工晋升或处理绩效不佳的方式。研究还聚焦于组织事务、创新、研发支出、生产外包至其他国家、竞争以及劳动力构成。
分析单元
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本研究的主要抽样单元为生产单位。生产单位是指商业活动进行、工业操作进行或提供服务的地方。一家公司可能由一个或多个生产单位组成。例如，啤酒厂可能拥有多个灌装厂和多个分销生产单位。在本调查中，生产单位被定义为独立的生产单元，无论其是否拥有与公司财务报表分开的独立财务报表，以及是否拥有对薪酬的独立管理和控制权。因此，啤酒厂的灌装厂将被计为一个生产单位。
总体
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调查总体被定义为拥有至少五十名但少于5,000名全职员工的制造生产单位。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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本研究采用了随机抽样方法。对于所有MOI国家（除俄罗斯外），要求所有地区都必须涵盖，并且每个地区的样本比例必须至少等于每个地区样本框人口比例的一半。
在大多数国家，所使用的样本框是从Bureau van Dijk的Orbis数据库中提取的记录，由欧洲复兴开发银行（EBRD）提供给顾问。样本框包含了公司名称、地点、公司规模（员工人数）、公司绩效指标和联系详情。从Orbis下载的样本框通过增加区域变量、更新公司地址和电话号码等方式，由EBRD进行了清理。
对Orbis样本框的考察显示其地理分布广泛，包含许多地点，其中许多地点的记录数量很少。每个生产单位均选择了两个备选单位，以便在无法在第一个生产单位进行访谈时使用。在实践中，选择仅限于样本框中记录数量最多的地点，因此样本框仅被过滤为拥有最多生产单位的城市。
在项目启动时对样本框的质量进行了评估。尽管样本框显示出非合格单位的确认比例较高，以及重复、不存在单位等问题，但这些问题是典型的生产单位调查中可能出现的问题。对于白俄罗斯，在完成调查的总接触次数中，确认的非合格单位所占比例为4.2%（21个生产单位中的499个）。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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使用了两种不同版本的问卷。问卷A用于访谈多生产单位公司的一部分生产单位，而问卷B用于访谈单一生产单位公司。问卷A包含问卷B的所有问题，唯一的区别在于参考点，问卷A的第一部分提到的是所谓的国家级公司，而问卷B提到的是公司。问卷的第二部分在问卷A和问卷B中都仅指被访谈的生产单位。每种问卷变体都由索引变量a0识别。
响应率
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针对项目非响应，采取了两种策略：
- 对于可能引起受访者负面反应的敏感问题，例如所有权信息，指示统计员将拒绝回答记录为（-8）。
- 当有必要时，对信息不完整的生产单位进行重新联系，以完成这些信息。然而，存在明显的低响应率情况。
针对调查非响应，通过最大努力联系最初选定的访谈生产单位来解决。在建议替换生产单位（具有相似特征）进行访谈之前，对每个生产单位进行了最多15次（但至少4次）的访谈尝试，这些尝试在不同的时间/星期几进行。调查非响应确实发生了，但通过替换以潜在地实现目标。
有关抽样、响应率和调查实施方面的附加信息，可在“技术文件”文件夹中的“MOI调查方法论与观察报告2009”中找到。