Social and Behavioral Implications for COVID-19 Testing in Delaware's Underserved Communities

Background: The purpose of this study was to better understand social and behavioral factors related to COVID-19 testing and vaccine uptake in minority communities, and to develop communication strategies to increase acceptance of testing and vaccination. The study triangulated data from semi-structured surveys, serology testing, and census tract linked public health and economic data. The study focused on communities in Delaware that scored poorly on the state’s community health index, where barriers to testing and vaccination were particularly evident.

Materials/Methods: This study used a semi-structured survey modeled after the Johns Hopkins University COVID-19 Community Response Survey available through the NIH Public Health Emergency and Disaster Research Response (DR2) platform. The survey collected detailed information on participants’ medical history, current health status, family structure, living conditions, employment, and socioeconomic factors. The survey also assessed knowledge and practices related to social distancing, access to healthcare, COVID-19 symptoms among participants and their contacts, testing history, attitudes toward testing, vaccination history, and willingness to receive a vaccine. Participants were recruited through community partnerships in minority neighborhoods across Delaware.

Outcome/Impact: The study identified key social and behavioral factors influencing COVID-19 testing and vaccine uptake within minority communities. Insights from the triangulated data informed the development of culturally appropriate communication strategies designed to improve engagement, trust, and participation in testing and vaccination programs. These findings provided a foundation for future public health initiatives aimed at reducing disparities in pandemic response and preparedness.