Victims of Crime Survey 2012 - South Africa

Abstract
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The Victims of Crime Survey (VCS) is a countrywide household-based survey which collects data on the prevalence of particular kinds of crime within South Africa. The survey includes information on victimisation experienced by individuals and households and their perspectives on community responses to crime. Therefore, VCS data can be used for research in the development of policies and strategies for crime prevention and public safety and education programmes. Statistics South Africa (StatsSA) conducted its first VCS in 1998. Following the VCS 1998, victims surveys were conducted by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS). Since 2011, StatsSA began conducting an annual collection of the VCS as a source of information on crime in South Africa. The main objectives of the survey are to:

• Provide information about the dynamics of crime from the perspective of households and the victims of crime.

• Explore public perceptions of the activities of the police, prosecutors, courts and correctional services in the prevention of crime and victimisation.

• Provide complimentary data on the level of crime within South Africa in addition to the statistics published annually by the South African Police Service.

The VCS 2012 is the third release in the collection and is comparable to the new Governance, Public Safety and Justice Survey (GPSJS). StatsSA launched the GPSJS in April 2018 in response to the need for standardised international reporting standards on governance and access to justice that are recommended by the SDGs, ShaSA and Agenda 2063. Therefore, the VCS 2012 (and all subsequent releases) can be used as a complementary dataset to the GPSJS releases.

Geographic coverage
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The survey has national coverage

Analysis unit
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Households and individuals

Universe
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The target population of the survey consists of all private households in all nine provinces of South Africa, as well as residents in workers’ hostels. The survey does not cover other collective living quarters such as students’ hostels, old-age homes, hospitals, prisons and military barracks. It is only representative of non-institutionalised and non-military persons or households in South Africa.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data

Sampling procedure
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The VCS 2012 used a master sample (MS) originally designed for the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) as a sampling frame. The MS is based on information collected during the 2001 Population Census conducted by Stats SA. The MS has been developed as a general-purpose household survey frame that can be used by all household-based surveys irrespective of the sample size requirement of the survey. The VCS 2012 uses an MS of primary sampling units (PSUs) which comprise census enumeration areas (EAs) that are drawn from across the country.

The sample used a stratified two-stage design with probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) sampling of PSUs in the first stage, and sampling of dwelling units (DUs) with systematic sampling in the second stage. The sample was designed to be representative at provincial level. A self-weighting design at provincial level was used and MS stratification was divided into two levels. Primary stratification was defined by metropolitan and non-metropolitan geographic area type. During secondary stratification, the Census 2001 data were summarised at PSU level. The following variables were used for secondary stratification: household size, education, occupancy status, gender, industry and income.

The sample size for the VCS 2012 had approximately 30 000 DUs from 3 080 PSUs. In each selected PSU, a systematic sample of dwelling units was drawn. The number of DUs selected per PSU varies from PSU to PSU and depends on the Inverse Sampling Ratios (ISR) of each PSU and the number of dwelling units in that PSU.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The VOCS 2012 questionnaire was based on the questionnaires used in the International Crime Victim Survey (ICVS) and previous VOCSs conducted by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) and Statistics SA.

Sections 10 to 20 of the questionnaire relate to household crimes. A proxy respondent (preferably head of the household or acting head of household) answered on behalf of the household. Section 21 to 27 of the questionnaire about crimes on individuals were asked of a household member who was selected using the birthday section method. This methodology selects an individual who is 16 years or older, whose birthday is soonest after the survey date.

Data appraisal
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Comparability:

The VCS 2012 is comparable to the previous VCSs in that several questions have remained unchanged over time. Where possible, it was generally indicated in the report. The VCS 2012 sample size was the same as for VCS 2011 which is more than double of the previous surveys (surveys before VCS 2011). The current survey can thus provide more accurate estimates than the previous surveys, for example at provincial level and for domain variables, such as gender and race. Caution should be exercised when running cross tabulation of different crimes by provinces and other variables. In most cases the reported experienced cases were too few.

摘要
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犯罪受害者调查（VCS）是一项全国性的基于家庭的调查，旨在收集南非特定类型犯罪普遍性的数据。该调查涵盖了个人和家庭的受害情况及其对社区应对犯罪的看法。因此，VCS 数据可用于研究制定预防犯罪和公共安全及教育项目的政策和策略。南非统计局（StatsSA）于 1998 年首次开展了 VCS 调查。继 VCS 1998 之后，安全研究所（ISS）进行了受害者调查。自 2011 年起，StatsSA 开始每年收集 VCS 数据，作为南非犯罪信息来源。调查的主要目标包括：

• 从家庭和犯罪受害者视角提供关于犯罪动态的信息。
• 探讨公众对警察、检察官、法院和矫正服务在预防犯罪和受害者问题上的活动看法。
• 提供关于南非犯罪水平的补充数据，这些数据与南非警察服务每年发布的统计数据相辅相成。
VCS 2012 是该系列数据的第三次发布，与新的治理、公共安全和司法调查（GPSJS）具有可比性。StatsSA 于 2018 年 4 月推出 GPSJS，以应对对治理和正义获取标准化国际报告标准的需求，这些标准由可持续发展目标（SDGs）、ShaSA 和 2063 年议程所推荐。因此，VCS 2012（及其后续发布）可以作为 GPSJS 发布的补充数据集。

地理覆盖范围
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调查具有全国覆盖。
分析单位
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家庭和个人

总体
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调查的目标总体包括南非所有九个省份的所有私人家庭以及工人宿舍的居民。调查不包括其他集体生活区，如学生宿舍、养老院、医院、监狱和军事营房。调查仅代表南非的非制度化、非军事个人或家庭。

数据类型
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样本调查数据

抽样程序
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VCS 2012 使用了最初为季度劳动力市场调查（QLFS）设计的母样本（MS）作为抽样框架。该 MS 基于 Stats SA 在 2001 年进行的人口普查收集的信息。MS 已被开发为一个通用家庭调查框架，可用于所有基于家庭的调查，无论调查的样本量需求如何。VCS 2012 使用了初级抽样单位（PSU）的 MS，这些 PSU 包含来自全国各地的普查区（EA）。

样本采用分层两阶段设计，第一阶段对 PSU 进行概率比例大小（PPS）抽样，第二阶段对住宅单位（DU）进行系统抽样。样本旨在省级层面具有代表性。在省级层面使用自我加权设计，MS 分层分为两个层级。初级分层由都市和非都市地理区域类型定义。在次级分层中，2001 年普查数据在 PSU 层面汇总。以下变量用于次级分层：家庭规模、教育、占用状态、性别、行业和收入。
VCS 2012 的样本量约为 30,000 个 DU，来自 3,080 个 PSU。在每个选定的 PSU 中，都会抽取住宅单位的系统样本。每个 PSU 中选定的 DU 数量因 PSU 而异，取决于每个 PSU 的逆抽样比（ISR）以及该 PSU 中的住宅单位数量。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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VOCS 2012 问卷基于国际犯罪受害者调查（ICVS）和由安全研究所（ISS）及南非统计局（Stats SA）进行的先前 VOCS 问卷。
问卷的第 10 至 20 节涉及家庭犯罪。由代理受访者（最好是户主或代行户主职责的人）代表家庭回答。第 21 至 27 节关于个人犯罪的问卷由使用生日段方法选择的家庭成员回答。此方法选择的是 16 岁或以上、生日最接近调查日期的个人。

数据评估
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可比性：
VCS 2012 与之前的 VCS 具有可比性，因为随着时间的推移，一些问题保持不变。在可能的情况下，报告中通常都会指出。VCS 2012 的样本量与 VCS 2011 相同，是之前调查（VCS 2011 之前的调查）的两倍多。因此，当前调查可以提供比之前调查更准确的估计，例如在省级层面和性别、种族等域变量上。在运行不同犯罪类型在省份和其他变量上的交叉表时，应谨慎行事。在大多数情况下，报告的经验案例太少。