甘肃红层特征及丹霞地貌分区研究 英文标题:A Study on the Characteristics of Gansu Red Beds and Danxia Landform Division

丹霞地貌是一种独特的地质资源，具有较高的科学和美学价值。随着中国丹霞联合申遗的成功，丹霞地貌逐步走向世界，由此开启了新的发展阶段。红层是一种红色陆相碎屑沉积物，在国内外广泛分布，作为丹霞地貌的物质基础，其研究是不可回避的内容。虽然红层与丹霞地貌在我国研究历史已有90年，但仍存在一些不足，如基础研究还较薄弱、学科间融合交叉不够、地域研究发展不均衡及缺乏国内外对比研究等方面。西北地区红层作为我国红层的重要组成部分，其发育的大量丹霞地貌，仅甘肃就居全国第三。在“一带一路”合作倡议的框架及“西部大开发”战略支持下，西北红层及丹霞地貌研究迎来了良好的机遇。选取甘肃红层及其上发育的丹霞地貌作为研究对象，收集相关资料及野外调查，借助空间分析软件Arcgis，研究红层的地史背景、岩性岩相及分布等方面特征，分析其形成影响因素;同时，对红层发育的丹霞地貌的分布规律、类型、形成条件及发育演化进行研究，在此基础上选取因子对甘肃丹霞地貌进行发育分区。主要得出如下结论:(1)甘肃红层形成时代跨度长，但集中于中生代中期之后，白垩系分布最多，泥盆系最少;主要分布陇东、陇中地区，其余地区较少，基本与深大断裂带等构造线延伸方向基本一致。地台区与褶皱带红层分布差异显著。红层岩性多为砾岩、砂岩、砂砾岩及泥页岩，沉积相以山麓相、河湖相为主。岩性岩相横向、纵向变化较大。构造运动及其形迹(深大断裂)和古气候是甘肃红层形成的主要影响因素。(2)甘肃丹霞地貌发育有116处，全省分布范围广，除嘉峪关外，其余各市(州)均有发育;海拔在1028~3468m之间，垂向高差大;密度分析显示呈条带状、片状格局;时代从晚古生代到中新生代红层中均有发育，集中在白垩系-新近系三套地层内;地貌区上集中于陇中黄土高原丘陵区;流域上分布以黄河流域最多，丹霞地貌数量随着与河流的距离增大而减少;构造板块上分布在柴达木-祁连、华北及扬子等板块上，其余板块上未见发育。综合物质基础、构造因素、主导动力及规模大小等因素，对甘肃丹霞地貌进行了初步分类。(3)内外力地质作用共同制约甘肃丹霞地貌形成及演化。其中，红层及岩性是物质基础条件，新构造运动是关键性动力条件，断裂是控制性条件，气候、流水及风化等是造貌成景重要外动力条件。甘肃丹霞地貌大致经历了红盆发育与成岩、构造抬升及成景塑形等三个重要阶段。(4)综合地层、地质构造、河流、地貌及新构造运动等因素，选取红层、距断裂距离、距河流距离、地貌类型及新构造运动分区为代表因子，采用频率比模型，对丹霞地貌划分为极高、高、中、低4个发育区。理论及实地验证均表明此分区基本符合实际情况，较好地反映了丹霞地貌发育的分布规律。通过甘肃红层特征和丹霞地貌分布、分类、发育演化及发育分区等的研究成果，为深入挖掘红层及丹霞地貌的科学和旅游价值提供了参考依据，对今后调查研究和保护开发红层及其地貌资源具有一定的指导意义。

Danxia Landform is a unique geological resource with high scientific and aesthetic value. Following the successful joint inscription of China's Danxia Landform on the World Heritage List, Danxia Landform has gradually gained global attention, ushering in a new stage of development. Red Beds, a type of red terrestrial clastic sediment widely distributed both domestically and internationally, serve as the material basis for Danxia Landform, making their research an unavoidable topic. Although research on Red Beds and Danxia Landform in China has a 90-year history, several shortcomings still exist, including weak basic research, insufficient interdisciplinary integration and collaboration, unbalanced regional research development, and the lack of comparative studies between domestic and international contexts.

Red Beds in Northwest China are an important component of China's Red Beds, with a large number of developed Danxia Landforms; only Gansu Province ranks third in the country in terms of the quantity of Danxia Landforms. Under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative and the support of the Western Development Strategy, research on Red Beds and Danxia Landforms in Northwest China has ushered in favorable opportunities.

This study selects Red Beds and the Danxia Landforms developed on them in Gansu Province as the research object, collects relevant data and conducts field investigations, and uses the spatial analysis software ArcGIS to analyze the geological history background, lithology, lithofacies, distribution and other characteristics of Red Beds, as well as the factors affecting their formation. Meanwhile, it studies the distribution rules, types, formation conditions and development and evolution of the Danxia Landforms developed on Red Beds. On this basis, representative factors are selected to divide the Danxia Landform development zones in Gansu Province.

The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) The formation age of Red Beds in Gansu spans a long period, but is concentrated after the Middle Mesozoic, with the most deposits in the Cretaceous and the least in the Devonian. They are mainly distributed in eastern and central Gansu, with sparse distribution in other regions, and their extension direction is basically consistent with that of tectonic lines such as deep large fault zones. The distribution of Red Beds differs significantly between platform areas and fold belts. The lithology of Red Beds is mostly conglomerate, sandstone, glutenite, mudstone and shale, with sedimentary facies mainly being piedmont facies and fluvial-lacustrine facies. The lateral and vertical variations of lithology and lithofacies are large. Tectonic movement and its traces (deep large faults) and paleoclimate are the main controlling factors for the formation of Red Beds in Gansu.
(2) There are 116 Danxia Landform sites in Gansu, with a wide distribution across the province; they are developed in all cities (prefectures) except Jiayuguan. Their elevation ranges from 1028 m to 3468 m, with large vertical height differences. Density analysis shows a banded and sheet-like distribution pattern. They developed in Red Beds from the Late Paleozoic to the Mesozoic-Cenozoic, and are concentrated in three stratigraphic sequences: Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene. Geomorphologically, they are mainly concentrated in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau in central Gansu. In terms of river basins, the Yellow River basin has the largest number of Danxia Landforms, and the quantity decreases as the distance from the river increases. Tectonically, they are distributed on the Qaidam-Qilian, North China and Yangtze plates, with no development on other plates. Based on comprehensive factors such as material basis, tectonic factors, dominant dynamic forces and scale, a preliminary classification of Danxia Landforms in Gansu is carried out.
(3) The formation and evolution of Danxia Landforms in Gansu are jointly constrained by endogenic and exogenic geological processes. Among them, Red Beds and their lithology are the material basis conditions, neotectonic movement is the key dynamic condition, faults are the controlling condition, and climate, running water, weathering and other exogenic forces are important external dynamic conditions for landform formation. Danxia Landforms in Gansu have roughly experienced three important stages: red basin development and diagenesis, tectonic uplift, and landform shaping.
(4) Based on factors such as stratigraphy, geological structure, rivers, geomorphology and neotectonic movement, representative factors including Red Beds, distance to faults, distance to rivers, geomorphological types and neotectonic movement zones are selected, and the Frequency Ratio Model is adopted to divide Danxia Landform development zones into four levels: extremely high, high, medium and low. Both theoretical and field verifications show that this zoning basically conforms to the actual situation, and well reflects the distribution rules of Danxia Landform development.

The research results on the characteristics of Red Beds in Gansu, as well as the distribution, classification, development and evolution, and development zoning of Danxia Landforms, provide reference bases for in-depth excavation of the scientific and tourism values of Red Beds and Danxia Landforms, and have certain guiding significance for future investigation, research, protection and development of Red Beds and their geomorphological resources.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是关于甘肃省红层特征及丹霞地貌分区研究的科学数据，通过收集资料和野外调查，分析了红层的地史背景、岩性分布及影响因素，并对丹霞地貌的分布规律、类型和发育演化进行了系统研究，最终基于多因子模型对丹霞地貌进行了发育分区。数据集以文本格式提供，旨在为红层和丹霞地貌资源的科学挖掘与保护开发提供依据，具有明确的地质学应用价值。