Yorku.pond.impermeable.data.csv

<b>Census:</b> The day which a specific site was surveyed. The census day correlates to when and where the data was collected. <b>Calendar.date</b>: The exact day, month and year when the census was conducted. <b>Campus</b>: The university where the census was conducted for this particular experiment. <b>Group_ID: </b>The identification label corresponding to the group and lab section who has conducted the census. A group of 3-5 students enrolled in the university were considered a group. <b>Habitat: </b>The natural environment type where data is collected. An area with environmental properties and interactions unique to that area was considered an individual habitat. <b>Lat:</b> The latitude coordinate, in degrees, of the site at the current repetition. This value was determined using a GPS. <b>Long:</b> The longitude coordinate, in degrees, of the site at the current repetition. This value was determined using a GPS. <b>Elevation:</b> The elevation of the site at the current repetition, measured in meters above sea level. This value was determined using a GPS. <b>Rep:</b> The trial number of the current experiment. This value is determined according to experimenter's count. <b>Abundance.native.plants:</b> The number of individuals of a native plant species seen in the 1m by 1 m quadrant. Individuals whose leaves were in the quadrat but their roots were outside the quadrat were not considered. A plant species was considered native according to the lab technician's description. <b>Abundance.exotic.plants:</b> The number of individuals of an exotic plant species seen in the 1m by 1m quadrat. Individuals whose leaves were in the quadrat but their roots were outside the quadrat were not considered. A plant species was considered exotic according to the lab technician's identification. <b>Total.number.flowers (quadrat):</b> The total number of flowers visible in the 1m by 1m quadrat. Only living flowers were considered in this value, but flowers present could be of any maturity. Individuals with flowers must have roots inside the quadrat for the flower to be considered. <b>Abundance.woody.plants:</b> The number of individuals of woody plants seen within 0.5m of the left and right side of the 25m long transect. A woody plant must be greater than 1.5m in height to be considered in this value. The woody plant must not be uprooted for it to be considered <b>Canopy.cover: </b>The percentage of sky covered by trees in an upward perspective used to represent how much light is blocked by trees. The data was collected by putting our hands in a way to form a square and keeping it toward the sky and estimating which percentage of the square does not let light through. The same area square was used in each measurement. Only one perspective was considered for each data value. <b>Ground.cover: T</b>he<b> </b>percentage of<b> </b>ground that was covered by vegetation within a 1m radius of where standing. Estimations were made by dividing the visual area directly below feet into smaller sections and adding the sum area covered by any vegetation within the total area. <b>Total.number.flowers (transect):</b> The total number of flowers visible within 0.5m of the left and right side of the 25m long transect. Only living flowers were considered in this value, but flowers could be of any maturity. <b>Abundance.vertebrates:</b> The total number of individuals classified as a vertebrate that was visible within a 50m radius of a central location in the woodlot. Area was observed for 15 minutes. Individuals were counted by sight in that time. Any species with recognizable vertebrate morphology were considered. Any participants of the lab were not considered in the count. <b>Vertebrate.species:</b> The number of different recognizable species visible within a 50m radius of a central location in the woodlot. Area was observed for 15 minutes. Any vertebrate with clear morphological characteristics unique to other vertebrates in the area were considered to be its own species group. This data was counted by sight. Any participants of the lab were not considered in the count. <b>Abundance.human: </b>The total number of humans seen within a 50m radius of a central location in the woodlot. Area was observed for 15 minutes. Any participants of the lab were not considered in the count. <b>Abundance.invertebrates.pantraps:</b> The total number of individual insects visible in the soapy water of one single pan trap 1.5 hours after it had been set. Pan traps were set in alternating patterns in the order blue, white, and yellow. Invertebrates were counted by sight. Any species with recognizable morphology of an invertebrate were considered. Any individuals not in the soapy water were excluded from the count. Pan traps used were of identical size and contained relatively equal volumes of soapy water. <b>Abundance.invertebrates.sweeps</b>: The total number of individuals taxonomically classified as an invertebrate that was visible in the sweep net after a swift and repetitive figure eight movement along a transect for 50m. Individuals were counted by sight. Any species with recognizable invertebrate morphology were considered. <b>Abundance.invertebrates.observed:</b> The total number of individuals taxonomically classified as an invertebrate that was visible within a 5m radius of a central location in the woodlot. Area was observed for 15 minutes. Individuals were counted by sight in that time. Any species with recognizable invertebrate morphology were considered. Data was collected in the Stong Pond and Seywell Baseball Diamond found outside of York University campus on a Wednesday late October around 3:00pm. There was an overcast, moderate winds and a temperature of 6^oC. The pond was surrounded by vegetation and trees. There was an open field of grass behind the surrounding vegetation. Grass, leaves, branches and some litter covered the ground. Animal activity was seen in the pond. A road, developed buildings and pathways were nearby. The impermeable area consisted of two baseball diamonds; each approximately 30m of gravel surrounded by an open patch of grass. This area was next to a road connecting to parking lots and campus buildings. A large group of geese remained at the site for all of the experiment. A dispersed crowd of 36 York University students and two TAs were walking within and between the areas collecting different samples. It is hypothesized that both the abundance of woody plants and canopy cover will have an effect on the amount of ground coverage because the abundance of trees takes up more ground space from other plants in addition to the increased canopy coverage that prevents sufficient amount of sunlight to reach the ground plants nearby. It is predicted that areas consisting of a higher abundance of trees will have less vegetation seen on the ground, thus less ground coverage. It is predicted that areas with less canopy coverage from nearby trees will have a higher ground cover of vegetation. The tree data was collected at the Stong Pond and Seywell Baseball Diamonds on the York University campus. All four data sets were recorded in each site for a total of 8 data sets. Two 25 metre transects were spread out in a straight line for a total measurement of 50 metres. Every two metres a 1 m x 1 m quadrat was randomly placed while alternating right and left from the transect for a total of 25 replications. This was performed in both sites. The total number of native, exotic and flower plants were estimated in the quadrat. The type of species known to be exotic or native were provided before the experiment was conducted. Woody Plants - Two 25 metre transects were spread out in a straight line for a total measurement of 50 metres to record if a tree is on either side of the transect within 0.5 metres for every two metres along the transect. A tree was considered to be a woody plant that was taller than 1.5 metres. Canopy coverage was estimated at every two metres by looking up and providing a rough percentage of how the trees covered the immediate surrounding sight. The same methods were used to estimate the vegetative ground cover at these locations. Finally, the total number of flowers were also estimated within the 0.5 metre distance from the transect. This was performed at both sites. Vertebrates and Invertebrates - A 50 meter radius was surveyed using two 25 meter transects placed in a straight line. The total number of vertebrate species observed was recorded in a 15 minute interval. People that belonged to the lab group were not included in the data. The invertebrate abundance was done during a 15 minute observation interval as well within a radius of 5 metres. This was performed at both sites. Invertebrates – Two 25 metre transects were spread out in a straight line for a total measurement of 50 metres. 6 pan traps were placed 3 meters apart. The pan traps were placed with alternating colours at each location and the total number of invertebrates were recorded in each. Next, sweep nets were used while walking the entire 50 metre transect length. This was performed 10 times and the total number of invertebrates was recorded after each time the experimenter walked the 50 metres. These were separate methods in which invertebrate numbers were measured. This was performed at both sites.